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如何使用 Codable 協議快速構建 json 對象模型

[英]How to architecture a json object model in swift with Codable protocol

我正在編寫 REST Web 應用程序客戶端,並使用如下所示的 JSON:

JSON1

{
  "device" : "iPhone"
  "manufacturer" : "Apple"
  "id" : 42

  "owner" : "Steve"
}

但是 API 也可以給我這種 JSON

JSON2

{
  "device" : "iPhone"
  "manufacturer" : "Apple"
  "id" : 42

  "latitude" : 3.1415926535
  "longitude" : 2.7182818284
}

所以現在在我的應用程序中,我創建了一個符合 Codable 協議的結構

struct MyStruct : Codable {
  var name: String
  var manufacturer: String

  var owner: String?

  // I prefer to use a property of type Location rather than 2 variables
  var location: Location? {
    guard let latitude = latitude, let longitude = longitude else {
      return nil
    }

    return Location(latitude: latitude, longitude: longitude)
  }

  // Used to conform to the Codable protocol
  private var latitude: Double?
  private var longitude: Double?
}

struct Location {
  var latitude: Double = 0.0
  var longitude: Double = 0.0
}

這種架構有效,但在我看來它不是最好的或優雅的。 你知道是否存在更好的方法嗎? 我是否應該使用 2 個不同的 json 模型,例如:

struct MyStruct1 : Codable {
  var name: String
  var manufacturer: String
  var owner: String
}

struct MyStruct2 : Codable {
  var name: String
  var manufacturer: String

  private var latitude: Double
  private var longitude: Double
}

我是 REST API 客戶端的新手,這種 JSON 似乎沒有使用好的架構。

ownerlatitudelongitude屬性設為可選。 並且僅當屬性存在時才使用decodeIfPresent進行解碼。

您可以創建一個struct -

struct UserData: Codable {//Confroms to Codable protocol
    var id: Int
    var device: String
    var manufacturer: String
    var owner: String? = nil//Making property optional
    var latitude: Double? = nil//Making property optional
    var longitude: Double? = nil//Making property optional
    init(from decoder: Decoder) throws {
        let values = try decoder.container(keyedBy: CodingKeys.self)
        id = try values.decode(Int.self, forKey: .id)
        device = try values.decode(String.self, forKey: .device)
        manufacturer = try values.decode(String.self, forKey: .manufacturer)
        owner = try values.decodeIfPresent(String.self, forKey: .owner)
        latitude = try values.decodeIfPresent(Double.self, forKey: .latitude)
        longitude = try values.decodeIfPresent(Double.self, forKey: .longitude)
    }
}

示例 Json:

    let jsonExample = """
 {
  "device" : "iPhone",
  "manufacturer" : "Apple",
  "id" : 42,
  "owner" : "Steve"
}
""".data(using: .utf8)!
    let jsonExample2 = """
 {
  "device" : "iPhone",
  "manufacturer" : "Apple",
  "id" : 42,
  "latitude" : 3.1415926535,
  "longitude" : 2.7182818284
}
""".data(using: .utf8)!.

用法:

    //Decode struct using JSONDecoder
     let jsonDecoder = JSONDecoder()
            do {
                let modelResult = try jsonDecoder.decode(UserData.self,from: jsonExample2)
                print("owner is \(String(describing: modelResult.owner)) - latitude is \(String(describing: modelResult.latitude)) - longitude is \(String(describing: (modelResult.longitude)))")
            } catch {
                print(error)
            }

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