Django忽略測試數據庫設置

Question

我在pythonanywhere上部署了運行良好的應用程序。 問題是，當我想運行django測試時，我的測試數據庫設置被完全忽略了。 每次運行測試時，都會收到以下消息。

Creating test database for alias 'default'...                                                                                       
Got an error creating the test database: (1044, "Access denied for user 'funnshopp'@'%' to database 'test_funnshopp$funn'")

該應用程序的數據庫名稱為funnshopp$funn 。 可以看出，django總是以某種方式嘗試通過將test_附加到數據庫名稱來創建測試數據庫。 沒關系我在DATABASES設置中有什么

以下是我的完整設置文件（盡管我從Django 1.11開始了項目，但Test在我的PC上運行良好，並且我正在使用Django 2.0 ）

"""
Django settings for funnshopp project.

Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 1.11.7.

For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/topics/settings/

For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/ref/settings/
"""

import os
from django.urls import reverse_lazy
from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured

# Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))


def get_env_variable(var_name):
    """Get the environment variable or return exception"""
    try:
        return os.environ[var_name]
    except KeyError:
        error_msg = "Set the {} environment variable".format(var_name)
        raise ImproperlyConfigured(error_msg)

ENV_ROLE = get_env_variable("ENV_ROLE")

# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/howto/deployment/checklist/

# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = get_env_variable("SECRET_KEY")

# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = False
FUNN_PASS = False
if ENV_ROLE == "development":
    DEBUG = True
    FUNN_PASS = get_env_variable('FUNN_PASS')

ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['*']

# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'asset',
    'debit',
    'communication',
    'establishment',
    'credit',
    'personnel',
    'relation',
    'debug_toolbar',
    'captcha',
    'guardian',
    'rules',
    'coverage',
    'django_extensions',
    'pure_pagination',
    'sorl.thumbnail',
    'django_addanother',
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
]

AUTHENTICATION_BACKENDS = (
    'django.contrib.auth.backends.ModelBackend',
    'guardian.backends.ObjectPermissionBackend',
    'rules.permissions.ObjectPermissionBackend',
)

MIDDLEWARE = [
    'debug_toolbar.middleware.DebugToolbarMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'whitenoise.middleware.WhiteNoiseMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]

ROOT_URLCONF = 'funnshopp.urls'

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')],
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]

WSGI_APPLICATION = 'funnshopp.wsgi.application'

INTERNAL_IPS = ('127.0.0.1', 'localhost')

DEBUG_TOOLBAR_PANELS = [
        'debug_toolbar.panels.versions.VersionsPanel',
        'debug_toolbar.panels.timer.TimerPanel',
        'debug_toolbar.panels.settings.SettingsPanel',
        'debug_toolbar.panels.headers.HeadersPanel',
        'debug_toolbar.panels.request.RequestPanel',
        'debug_toolbar.panels.sql.SQLPanel',
        'debug_toolbar.panels.staticfiles.StaticFilesPanel',
        'debug_toolbar.panels.templates.TemplatesPanel',
        'debug_toolbar.panels.cache.CachePanel',
        'debug_toolbar.panels.signals.SignalsPanel',
        'debug_toolbar.panels.logging.LoggingPanel',
        'debug_toolbar.panels.redirects.RedirectsPanel',
]

GOOGLE_RECAPTCHA_SITE_KEY = get_env_variable("GOOGLE_RECAPTCHA_SITE_KEY")
GOOGLE_RECAPTCHA_SECRET_KEY = get_env_variable("GOOGLE_RECAPTCHA_SECRET_KEY")

LOGIN_REDIRECT_URL = reverse_lazy('personnel:dashboard')
LOGIN_URL = reverse_lazy('personnel:login')
LOGOUT_URL = reverse_lazy('personnel:logout')

if ENV_ROLE == "development":
    EMAIL_BACKEND = 'django.core.mail.backends.console.EmailBackend'
else:
    EMAIL_BACKEND = 'django.core.mail.backends.smtp.EmailBackend'
EMAIL_USE_TLS = True
EMAIL_HOST = 'smtp.gmail.com'
EMAIL_PORT = 587
EMAIL_HOST_USER = '***@gmail.com'
EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD = '*******'
DEFAULT_FROM_EMAIL = '***@gmail.com'

# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/ref/settings/#databases

DEPLOYMENT_PLATFORM = get_env_variable("DEPLOYMENT_PLATFORM")
if DEPLOYMENT_PLATFORM == "heroku-plus-local":
    DATABASES = {
        'default': {
            'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.postgresql_psycopg2',
            'NAME': 'funn',
            'USER': 'postgres',
            'PASSWORD': get_env_variable('FUNN_PASS'),
            'HOST': 'localhost',
            'PORT': 5432
        }
    }

else: # DEPLOYMENT_PLATFORM == "pythonanywhere"
    DATABASES = {
        'default': {
            'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
            'USER': 'funnshopp',
            'NAME': 'funnshopp$funn',
            'PASSWORD': get_env_variable('FUNN_PASS'),
            'HOST': 'funnshopp.mysql.pythonanywhere-services.com',
            'TEST':{
                'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3', # for sqlite3
                'NAME':'test.db',
                # 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
                # 'NAME':'funnshopp$test_default'
                },
            },
        }

# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators

AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
    },
]


# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/topics/i18n/

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'

TIME_ZONE = 'Africa/Lagos'

USE_I18N = True

USE_L10N = True

USE_TZ = True


# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/howto/static-files/

STATIC_URL = '/static/'
STATIC_ROOT = 'staticfiles'
STATICFILES_DIRS = (os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static'),)

MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'media')
MEDIA_URL = '/media/'

AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'personnel.Person'

STATICFILES_STORAGE = 'whitenoise.storage.CompressedManifestStaticFilesStorage'

import django_heroku
django_heroku.settings(locals())

以下是pip freeze的結果

alabaster==0.7.10                                                                                                                   
Babel==2.5.1                                                                                                                        
beautifulsoup4==4.6.0                                                                                                               
certifi==2017.11.5                                                                                                                  
chardet==3.0.4                                                                                                                      
colorama==0.3.9                                                                                                                     
coverage==4.4.2                                                                                                                     
dj-database-url==0.4.2                                                                                                              
dj-static==0.0.6                                                                                                                    
Django==2.0.1                                                                                                                       
django-addanother==2.0.0                                                                                                            
django-archive==0.1.5                                                                                                               
django-braces==1.12.0                                                                                                               
django-debug-toolbar==1.9.1                                                                                                         
django-extensions==1.9.9                                                                                                            
django-guardian==1.4.9                                                                                                              
django-heroku==0.2.0                                                                                                                
django-pure-pagination==0.3.0                                                                                                       
django-recaptcha==1.3.1                                                                                                             
django-toolbelt==0.0.1                                                                                                              
django-webtest==1.9.2                                                                                                               
docutils==0.14                                                                                                                      
funcsigs==1.0.2                                                                                                                     
gunicorn==19.7.1
idna==2.6

Answer 1

這是常見且正確的行為。 Django在測試時將始終嘗試創建新的數據庫，並且您永遠不應嘗試在實時/生產數據庫上測試應用程序。

測試應該以一種方式構造，即創建對象然后測試其行為。 您正在heroku和開發服務器上的mysql上使用postgres。 如果要使用此數據庫測試應用程序，則必須將django用戶添加到具有創建和刪除數據庫/表權限的postgres / mysql中。

您也可以通過將此設置添加到settings.py中來避免這種情況（這是我不使用任何其他擴展名並且sqlite3數據庫就足夠時要執行的操作。我通過鍵入python manage.py test運行python manage.py test

if any([arg in sys.argv for arg in ['jenkins', 'test']]):
    DATABASES = {
        'default': {
            'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
            'NAME': 'mydatabase',
        }
    }

Answer 2

我認為您應該更改設置settings.py格式的方式，如果其中包含條件，則不要放置，而是根據您所使用的環境使用不同的設置！

我建議您閱讀本教程 。

如果布局正確，則可以在其他設置文件中更改數據庫;）！

Answer 3

我通過根據“ 推薦的Django項目布局”中建議的模式重新組織設置文件來解決此問題。

現在我的測試在pythonanywhere上運行良好。

順便說一句，我在這里創建了要點 ，該要點處理虛擬環境和布局以及如何處理虛擬環境變量的問題。

Answer 4

如您所知，在運行測試時，Django隔離對數據庫所做的更改。 這就是為什么它嘗試創建數據庫引擎拒絕的數據庫的原因。 您可以：

1. 創建一個數據庫，授予用戶訪問權限，並使用--keepdb運行測試

2. 或向數據庫用戶授予訪問權限以創建數據庫。 就像是：

   ALTER USER username CREATEDB;