SQLAlchemy無法使用數據庫URL連接到Oracle數據庫

Question

我正在嘗試創建一個連接到VPN的Docker容器，然后檢查它是否可以連接到某些數據庫。 目前，我正在使用以下代碼：

DB_URI_PREFIX = {
    'mssql': 'mssql+pymssql://', 'oracle': 'oracle+cx_oracle://', 'postgres': 'postgres://',
}


def connect_to_db(db_type: str, host: str, username: str, password: str, database: str):
    db_uri = '{}{}:{}@{}/{}'.format(DB_URI_PREFIX[db_type], username, password, host, database)
    engine = create_engine(db_uri)
    connection = engine.connect()
    print('Successfully connected to {}/{}'.format(host, database))
    connection.close()

db_uri在這種情況下最終被mssql+pymssql://user:pass@host:port_num/database_name用於SQL Server數據庫和oracle+cx_oracle://user:pass@host:port_num/database_name為Oracle數據庫。

以上對於SQL Server和Postgres數據庫工作正常，但是對於Oracle，我收到此錯誤：

 Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 2158, in _wrap_pool_connect
    return fn()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/sqlalchemy/pool.py", line 345, in unique_connection
    return _ConnectionFairy._checkout(self)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/sqlalchemy/pool.py", line 782, in _checkout
    fairy = _ConnectionRecord.checkout(pool)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/sqlalchemy/pool.py", line 532, in checkout
    rec = pool._do_get()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/sqlalchemy/pool.py", line 1186, in _do_get
    self._dec_overflow()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/sqlalchemy/util/langhelpers.py", line 66, in __exit__
    compat.reraise(exc_type, exc_value, exc_tb)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/sqlalchemy/util/compat.py", line 187, in reraise
    raise value
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/sqlalchemy/pool.py", line 1183, in _do_get
    return self._create_connection()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/sqlalchemy/pool.py", line 350, in _create_connection
    return _ConnectionRecord(self)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/sqlalchemy/pool.py", line 477, in __init__
    self.__connect(first_connect_check=True)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/sqlalchemy/pool.py", line 667, in __connect
    connection = pool._invoke_creator(self)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/strategies.py", line 105, in connect
    return dialect.connect(*cargs, **cparams)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/default.py", line 410, in connect
    return self.dbapi.connect(*cargs, **cparams)
cx_Oracle.DatabaseError: ORA-12545: Connect failed because target host or object does not exist

The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "connect_to_db.py", line 37, in <module>
    connect_to_db(args.db_type, args.host, args.username, args.password, args.database)
  File "connect_to_db.py", line 16, in connect_to_db
    connection = engine.connect()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 2102, in connect
    return self._connection_cls(self, **kwargs)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 90, in __init__
    if connection is not None else engine.raw_connection()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 2188, in raw_connection
    self.pool.unique_connection, _connection)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 2162, in _wrap_pool_connect
    e, dialect, self)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 1476, in _handle_dbapi_exception_noconnection
    exc_info
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/sqlalchemy/util/compat.py", line 203, in raise_from_cause
    reraise(type(exception), exception, tb=exc_tb, cause=cause)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/sqlalchemy/util/compat.py", line 186, in reraise
    raise value.with_traceback(tb)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 2158, in _wrap_pool_connect
    return fn()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/sqlalchemy/pool.py", line 345, in unique_connection
    return _ConnectionFairy._checkout(self)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/sqlalchemy/pool.py", line 782, in _checkout
    fairy = _ConnectionRecord.checkout(pool)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/sqlalchemy/pool.py", line 532, in checkout
    rec = pool._do_get()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/sqlalchemy/pool.py", line 1186, in _do_get
    self._dec_overflow()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/sqlalchemy/util/langhelpers.py", line 66, in __exit__
    compat.reraise(exc_type, exc_value, exc_tb)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/sqlalchemy/util/compat.py", line 187, in reraise
    raise value
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/sqlalchemy/pool.py", line 1183, in _do_get
    return self._create_connection()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/sqlalchemy/pool.py", line 350, in _create_connection
    return _ConnectionRecord(self)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/sqlalchemy/pool.py", line 477, in __init__
    self.__connect(first_connect_check=True)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/sqlalchemy/pool.py", line 667, in __connect
    connection = pool._invoke_creator(self)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/strategies.py", line 105, in connect
    return dialect.connect(*cargs, **cparams)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/default.py", line 410, in connect
    return self.dbapi.connect(*cargs, **cparams)
sqlalchemy.exc.DatabaseError: (cx_Oracle.DatabaseError) ORA-12545: Connect failed because target host or object does not exist (Background on this error at: http://sqlalche.me/e/4xp6)

最初，我認為這意味着找不到主機，但可以在ping主機時做出響應。 同樣，奇怪的是，如果我直接使用帶有'Oracle style'連接字符串的cx_Oracle連接並將其提供給SQLAlchemy，則可以連接：

def get_oracle_connection(conn_str: str):
    return cx_Oracle.connect(conn_str)


def connect_to_db(host: str, username: str, password: str, database: str):
    conn_str = '{}/{}@{}/{}'.format(username, password, host, database)
    conn_creator = partial(get_oracle_connection, conn_str=conn_str)
    engine = create_engine('oracle+cx_oracle://', creator=conn_creator)

    connection = engine.connect()
    print('Successfully connected to {}'.format(conn_str))
    connection.close()

在這種情況下， conn_str將為user/pass@host/database_name 。

在我的Docker容器中，我正在運行Python 3並使用openconnect連接到VPN。 我還在容器中安裝了Oracle InstantClient。

requirements.txt：

SQLAlchemy==1.2.2
pymssql==2.1.3
cx-Oracle==6.1
psycopg2==2.7.4

我是在這里某個地方犯了錯誤還是SQLAlchemy的錯誤？

Answer 1

失敗的代碼具有'{}{}:{}@{}/{}'但是工作代碼具有'{}/{}@{}/{}'前者缺少用戶名和密碼之間的斜線，並且目前尚不清楚端口號（在冒號之后）的設置位置。