簡體   English   中英

在 Objective-C 塊中泄露 C++ shared_ptr

[英]Leaking C++ shared_ptr in Objective-C Block

概括:

在下面的示例應用程序中,在 Objective-C 塊中捕獲了shared_ptr 使用 Objective-C 運行時 API object_setIvarWithStrongDefault將 Objective-C 塊分配給動態創建的類的ivar 當 Objective-C 對象被釋放時, shared_ptr正在泄漏,並且它保留的 C++ 對象不會被刪除。 這是為什么?

當使用object_setIvar ,可以防止泄漏,但是一旦塊超出范圍, ivar指向垃圾,因為object_setIvar假定分配了unsafe_unretained

認為這與 Objective-C 如何捕獲 C++ 對象、復制塊以及shared_ptr如何處理被復制有關,但我希望有人能比下面列出的文檔更清楚地說明這一點。

參考:

背景故事:

此示例代碼是從一個更大的項目中提取的,並且已顯着減少到顯示問題所需的最低限度。 該項目是一個 Objective-C macOS 應用程序。 該應用程序包含幾個單一的 C++ 對象,它們是美化的鍵/值存儲。 每個對象都是同一個類的實例,但在鍵類型上進行了模板化。 我想動態創建一個包含由 C++ 類支持的類型化屬性 getter 的 Objective-C 類。

(是的,這一切都可以通過自己編寫大量的 getter 來手動完成,但我不想這樣做。C++ 類有足夠的信息來了解屬性的名稱及其類型,因此我會喜歡使用一些元編程技術來“解決”這個問題。)

筆記:

在理想的世界中,我只能在適當shared_ptr類型的 Objective-C 類上定義iVar ,但我無法弄清楚如何使用 Objective-C 運行時 API 來做到這一點。

鑒於這種:

std::shared_ptr<BackingStore<T>> backingStore

你如何使用這個:

class_addIvarobject_setIvar

由於我無法弄清楚,我決定將 shared_ptr 包裝到一個 Objective-C 塊中,因為塊是一流的對象,可以在需要id地方傳遞。

示例應用:

(復制/粘貼到類似CodeRunner東西中以查看輸出)

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import <objc/runtime.h>
#import <memory>

typedef NSString* (^stringBlock)();

/**
  *  StoreBridge
  *
  *  Objective-C class that exposes Objective-C properties
  *  which are "backed" by a C++ object (Store). The implementations
  *  for each property on this class are dynamically added.
  */
@interface StoreBridge : NSObject

@property(nonatomic, strong, readonly) NSString *storeName;

@end

@implementation StoreBridge

@dynamic storeName;

- (void)dealloc {
  NSLog(@"StoreBridge DEALLOC");
}

@end

/**
  *  BackingStore
  *
  *  C++ class that for this example just exposes a single,
  *  hard-coded getter function. In reality this class is
  *  much larger.
  */
class BackingStore {
  public:
    BackingStore()  { 
      NSLog(@"BackingStore constructor."); 
    }

    ~BackingStore() { 
      NSLog(@"BackingStore destructor.");  
    }

    NSString *name() const { 
      return @"Amazon"; 
    }

    // Given a shared_ptr to a BackingStore instance, this method
    // will dynamically create a new Objective-C class. The new
    // class will contain Objective-C properties that are backed
    // by the given BackingStore. 
    //
    // Much of this code is hard-coded for this example. In reality,
    // a much larger number of properties are dynamically created
    // with different return types and a new class pair is
    // only created if necessary.

    static id makeBridge(std::shared_ptr<BackingStore> storePtr) {

      // For this example, just create a new class pair each time.

      NSString *klassName = NSUUID.UUID.UUIDString;
      Class klass = objc_allocateClassPair(StoreBridge.class, klassName.UTF8String, 0);

      // For this example, use hard-coded values and a single iVar definition. The
      // iVar will store an Objective-C block as an 'id'.

      size_t ivarSize = sizeof(id);
      NSString *ivarName = @"_storeNameIvar";
      NSString *encoding = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%s@", @encode(id)];
      SEL selector = @selector(storeName);

      // Implementation for @property.storeName on StoreBridge. This 
      // implementation will read the block stored in the instances 
      // iVar named "_storeNameIvar" and call it. Fixed casting to 
      // type 'stringBlock' is used for this example only.

      IMP implementation = imp_implementationWithBlock((id) ^id(id _self) { 
        Ivar iv = class_getInstanceVariable([_self class], ivarName.UTF8String);
        id obj = object_getIvar(_self, iv);

        return ((stringBlock)obj)();
      });

      // Add iVar definition and property implementation to newly created class pair.

      class_addIvar(klass, ivarName.UTF8String, ivarSize, rint(log2(ivarSize)), @encode(id));
      class_addMethod(klass, selector, implementation, encoding.UTF8String);

      objc_registerClassPair(klass);

      // Create instance of the newly defined class.

      id bridge = [[klass alloc] init];

      // Capture storePtr in an Objective-C block. This is the block that
      // will be stored in the instance's iVar. Each bridge instance has
      // its own backingStore, therefore the storePtr must be set on the
      // instance's iVar and not captured in the implementation above.

      id block = ^NSString* { return storePtr->name(); };
      Ivar iva = class_getInstanceVariable(klass, ivarName.UTF8String);

      // Assign block to previously declared iVar. When the strongDefault
      // method is used, the shared_ptr will leak and the BackingStore
      // will never get deallocated. When object_setIvar() is used,
      // the BackingStore will get deallocated but crashes at
      // runtime as 'block' is not retained anywhere. 
      //
      // The documentation for object_setIvar() says that if 'strong'
      // or 'weak' is not used, then 'unretained' is used. It might
      // "work" in this example, but in a larger program it crashes
      // as 'block' goes out of scope.

      #define USE_STRONG_SETTER 1

      #if USE_STRONG_SETTER
        object_setIvarWithStrongDefault(bridge, iva, block);
      #else 
        object_setIvar(bridge, iva, block);
      #endif

      return bridge;
    }
};

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
  @autoreleasepool {
    std::shared_ptr<BackingStore> storePtr = std::make_shared<BackingStore>();
    StoreBridge *bridge = BackingStore::makeBridge(storePtr);

    NSLog(@"bridge.storeName: %@", bridge.storeName);

    // When USE_STRONG_SETTER is 1, output is:
    //
    //   > BackingStore constructor.
    //   > bridge.storeName: Amazon
    //   > StoreBridge DEALLOC

    // When USE_STRONG_SETTER is 0, output is:
    //
    //  > BackingStore constructor.
    //  > bridge.storeName: Amazon
    //  > BackingStore destructor.
    //  > StoreBridge DEALLOC
  }
}

讓我們快速進入時間機器,CA 2010。在必須處理多架構切片、64 位和其他花哨的東西(例如重要的 ARC)之前,這是一個更簡單的時間。

在這個看似遙遠的世界到今天,當你有記憶的時候,你不得不自己喘口氣來釋放它。 這意味着,如果你的類上有一個 iVar,你必須明確地在dealloc內部調用release

嗯,這實際上並沒有隨着 ARC 改變。 唯一改變的是編譯器dealloc內部為您生成所有這些好的release調用,即使您沒有定義該方法。 多好。

然而,這里的問題是編譯器實際上並不知道包含該塊的 iVar - 它是在運行時完全定義的。 那么編譯器如何釋放內存呢?

答案是不會。 你需要做一些魔法來確保你在運行時釋放這些東西。 我的建議是迭代類的 iVars,並將它們設置為nil ,而不是直接調用 objc_release (因為如果您使用 ARC,它會導致大量的哭泣和咬牙切齒)。

像這樣的東西:

for (ivar in class) {
   if ivar_type == @encode(id) {
       objc_setIvar(self, ivar, nil)
   }
}

現在,如果您進入並有意向此類添加 __unsafe_unretained ivar,您可能會遇到更多問題。 但是你真的不應該從這樣的類繼承,嗯?

暫無
暫無

聲明:本站的技術帖子網頁,遵循CC BY-SA 4.0協議,如果您需要轉載,請注明本站網址或者原文地址。任何問題請咨詢:yoyou2525@163.com.

 
粵ICP備18138465號  © 2020-2024 STACKOOM.COM