Heroku：NameError：未初始化的常量User :: AvatarUploader

Question

我已經嘗試搜索這個問題一段時間了，但沒有找到任何答案。

出於某種原因，當我在localhost上運行時，我的應用程序運行正常，但在部署到heroku時卻運行不正常。

我認為相關的寶石/服務是Heroku，CarrierWave，甚至可能是Devise＆Fog-AWS。

rails aborted!
NameError: uninitialized constant User::AvatarUploader
/app/app/models/user.rb:6:in `<class:User>'
/app/app/models/user.rb:2:in `<top (required)>'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-5.1.2/lib/active_support/dependencies/interlock.rb:12:in `block in loading'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-5.1.2/lib/active_support/concurrency/share_lock.rb:149:in `exclusive'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-5.1.2/lib/active_support/dependencies/interlock.rb:11:in `loading'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-5.1.2/lib/active_support/inflector/methods.rb:269:in `const_get'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-5.1.2/lib/active_support/inflector/methods.rb:269:in `block in constantize'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-5.1.2/lib/active_support/inflector/methods.rb:267:in `each'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-5.1.2/lib/active_support/inflector/methods.rb:267:in `inject'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-5.1.2/lib/active_support/inflector/methods.rb:267:in `constantize'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/devise-4.4.2/lib/devise.rb:315:in `get'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/devise-4.4.2/lib/devise/mapping.rb:83:in `to'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/devise-4.4.2/lib/devise/mapping.rb:78:in `modules'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/devise-4.4.2/lib/devise/mapping.rb:95:in `routes'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/devise-4.4.2/lib/devise/mapping.rb:162:in `default_used_route'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/devise-4.4.2/lib/devise/mapping.rb:72:in `initialize'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/devise-4.4.2/lib/devise.rb:345:in `new'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/devise-4.4.2/lib/devise.rb:345:in `add_mapping'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/devise-4.4.2/lib/devise/rails/routes.rb:243:in `block in devise_for'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/devise-4.4.2/lib/devise/rails/routes.rb:242:in `each'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/devise-4.4.2/lib/devise/rails/routes.rb:242:in `devise_for'
/app/config/routes.rb:3:in `block in <top (required)>'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/actionpack-5.1.2/lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb:424:in `instance_exec'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/actionpack-5.1.2/lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb:424:in `eval_block'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/actionpack-5.1.2/lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb:406:in `draw'
/app/config/routes.rb:1:in `<top (required)>'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.1.2/lib/rails/application/routes_reloader.rb:55:in `block in load_paths'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.1.2/lib/rails/application/routes_reloader.rb:55:in `each'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.1.2/lib/rails/application/routes_reloader.rb:55:in `load_paths'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.1.2/lib/rails/application/routes_reloader.rb:18:in `reload!'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.1.2/lib/rails/application/routes_reloader.rb:41:in `block in updater'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-5.1.2/lib/active_support/file_update_checker.rb:81:in `execute'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.1.2/lib/rails/application/routes_reloader.rb:42:in `updater'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.1.2/lib/rails/application/routes_reloader.rb:31:in `execute_if_updated'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.1.2/lib/rails/application/finisher.rb:128:in `block in <module:Finisher>'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.1.2/lib/rails/initializable.rb:30:in `instance_exec'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.1.2/lib/rails/initializable.rb:30:in `run'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.1.2/lib/rails/initializable.rb:59:in `block in run_initializers'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.1.2/lib/rails/initializable.rb:58:in `run_initializers'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.1.2/lib/rails/application.rb:353:in `initialize!'
/app/config/environment.rb:6:in `<top (required)>'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.1.2/lib/rails/application.rb:329:in `require_environment!'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.1.2/lib/rails/application.rb:445:in `block in run_tasks_blocks'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.1.2/lib/rails/commands/rake/rake_command.rb:21:in `block in perform'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.1.2/lib/rails/commands/rake/rake_command.rb:18:in `perform'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.1.2/lib/rails/command.rb:46:in `invoke'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.1.2/lib/rails/commands.rb:16:in `<top (required)>'
/app/bin/rails:9:in `require'
/app/bin/rails:9:in `<main>'
Tasks: TOP => db:migrate => environment
(See full trace by running task with --trace)

寶石文件：

source 'https://rubygems.org'

gem 'rails',        '5.1.2'
gem 'bcrypt',       '3.1.11'

gem 'bootstrap-sass', '3.3.7'
gem 'puma',         '3.9.1'
gem 'sass-rails',   '5.0.6'
gem 'uglifier',     '3.2.0'
gem 'coffee-rails', '4.2.2'
gem 'jquery-rails', '4.3.1'
gem 'turbolinks',   '5.0.1'
gem 'jbuilder',     '2.7.0'
gem 'will_paginate', '3.1.6'
gem 'bootstrap-will_paginate'

gem 'ice_cube'
gem 'chronic'
# [START omniauth]
gem 'devise'
gem "omniauth"
gem "omniauth-google-oauth2"
gem 'omniauth-google'
gem 'omniauth-facebook'
gem 'omniauth-twitter'

# [END omniauth]
gem 'dotenv-rails'

group :development, :test do
  gem 'byebug',  '9.0.6', platform: :mri
  gem 'factory_bot_rails'
  gem 'rspec-rails'

end
group :development, :test, :production do
  gem 'pg'
end
group :development do
  gem 'web-console',           '3.5.1'
  gem 'listen',                '3.0.8'
  gem 'spring',                '2.0.2'
  gem 'spring-watcher-listen', '2.0.1'
end

group :test do
  gem 'rails-controller-testing', '1.0.2'
  gem 'minitest-reporters',       '1.1.14'
  gem 'guard',                    '2.13.0'
  gem 'guard-minitest',           '2.4.4'
  gem 'rspec'
  gem 'rspec-core'
  gem 'rspec-rails'
end

group :production do
end

# Windows does not include zoneinfo files, so bundle the tzinfo-data gem
gem 'tzinfo-data', platforms: [:mingw, :mswin, :x64_mingw, :jruby]


#URL Gems
gem "validate_url"
gem 'metainspector'

#Avatars
gem 'carrierwave', '~> 1.0'
gem 'rmagick', '~> 2.0'
gem "mini_magick"

gem 'fog-aws'

user.rb：

require 'carrierwave/orm/activerecord'
class User < ApplicationRecord

  devise :rememberable, :trackable,
         :omniauthable, omniauth_providers: %i[google_oauth2]
  mount_uploader :avatar, AvatarUploader

application.rb

require 'carrierwave'

# Require the gems listed in Gemfile, including any gems
# you've limited to :test, :development, or :production.
Bundler.require(*Rails.groups)

module MyApp
  class Application < Rails::Application
    # Initialize configuration defaults for originally generated Rails version.
    config.load_defaults 5.1
    config.assets.paths << Rails.root.join("app", "assets", "fonts")
    config.autoload_paths += Dir[Rails.root.join('app', 'uploaders', '*.rb')]

carrierwave.rb：

CarrierWave.configure do |config|
  # Use local storage if in development or test
  if Rails.env.test? or Rails.env.cucumber?
    CarrierWave.configure do |config|
      config.storage = :file
      config.enable_processing = false
    end
  end

  # Use AWS storage if in production
  if Rails.env.production?
    CarrierWave.configure do |config|
      config.storage = :fog
    end
  end
  config.fog_provider = 'fog/aws'                        # required
  config.fog_credentials = {
      provider:              'AWS',                        # required
      aws_access_key_id:     ENV['S3_KEY'],                        # required
      aws_secret_access_key: ENV['S3_SECRET'],                        # required
      region:                'us-east-2',                  # optional, defaults to 'us-east-1'
  }
  config.fog_directory  = ENV['S3_BUCKET']                                   # required
  config.fog_public     = false                                                 # optional, defaults to true
  config.fog_attributes = { cache_control: "public, max-age=315576000" } # optional, defaults to {}
end

# config/initializers/carrierwave.rb

    module CarrierWave
      module MiniMagick
        def quality(percentage)
          manipulate! do |img|
            img.quality(percentage.to_s)
            img = yield(img) if block_given?
            img
          end
        end
      end
    end

avatar_uploader.rb：

class AvatarUploader < CarrierWave::Uploader::Base
  # Include RMagick or MiniMagick support:
  # include CarrierWave::RMagick
   include CarrierWave::MiniMagick

  # Choose what kind of storage to use for this uploader:
  #storage :file
  storage :fog
  process resize_to_fill: [60, 60]
  # Override the directory where uploaded files will be stored.
  # This is a sensible default for uploaders that are meant to be mounted:
  def store_dir
    "uploads/#{model.class.to_s.underscore}/#{mounted_as}/#{model.id}"
  end

  # Provide a default URL as a default if there hasn't been a file uploaded:
  # def default_url(*args)
  #   # For Rails 3.1+ asset pipeline compatibility:
  #   # ActionController::Base.helpers.asset_path("fallback/" + [version_name, "default.png"].compact.join('_'))
  #
  #   "/images/fallback/" + [version_name, "default.png"].compact.join('_')
  # end

  # Process files as they are uploaded:
   process scale: [200, 300]
  #
  # def scale(width, height)
  #   # do something
  # end

  # Create different versions of your uploaded files:
   version :thumb do
     process resize_to_fit: [50, 50]
   end

  # Add a white list of extensions which are allowed to be uploaded.
  # For images you might use something like this:
  # def extension_whitelist
  #   %w(jpg jpeg gif png)
  # end

  # Override the filename of the uploaded files:
  # Avoid using model.id or version_name here, see uploader/store.rb for details.
   process :convert => 'png'
   def filename
     super.chomp(File.extname(super)) + '.png' if original_filename
   end
end

有任何想法嗎？

Answer 1

在application.rb添加此行， require 'carrierwave/orm/activerecord' user.rb require 'carrierwave/orm/activerecord' ，因此在將此行添加到application.rb之后，它看起來像

require 'rails/all'
require 'carrierwave'
require 'carrierwave/orm/activerecord'

實際上，這是我出錯后的工作方式

NameError：未初始化的常量User :: AvatarUploader

然后像這樣更新。

Answer 2

好的，為了解決這個問題，我做了一些更改：

config / environment.rb：

require 'carrierwave'
require 'carrierwave/orm/activerecord'

carrierwave.rb：

 config.fog_credentials = {
      provider:              'AWS',                        # required
      aws_access_key_id:     ENV['S3_KEY'],                        # required
      aws_secret_access_key: ENV['S3_SECRET'],                        # required
      region:                'us-east-2',                  # optional, defaults to 'us-east-1'
  }
  config.storage = :fog #must go after credentials

注意： config.fog.credentials之后，對於config.storage很重要！

然后我在終端中設置S3_KEY S3_SECRET

heroku config:set S3_KEY=********* S3_SECRET=*******

而且有效！