在 matplotlib 交互式圖中拖動點

Question

我已經使用matplotlib並按照這個答案創建了一個交互式繪圖。 該圖使用滑塊以允許用戶控制點的垂直（y 軸）位置，並在它們發生變化時為它們擬合樣條曲線。 完成此操作的代碼在這里：

import matplotlib.animation as animation
from matplotlib.widgets import Slider
import matplotlib as mpl
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
import scipy.interpolate as inter
import numpy as np



func = lambda x: 0.1*x**2

#get a list of points to fit a spline to as well
N = 10
xmin = 0
xmax = 10
x = np.linspace(xmin,xmax,N)

#spline fit
yvals = func(x)
spline = inter.InterpolatedUnivariateSpline (x, yvals)

#figure.subplot.right
mpl.rcParams['figure.subplot.right'] = 0.8

#set up a plot
fig,axes = plt.subplots(1,1,figsize=(9.0,8.0),sharex=True)
ax1 = axes


interval = 100 # ms, time between animation frames
loop_len = 5.0 # seconds per loop
scale = interval / 1000 / loop_len

def update(val):
  # update curve
  for i in np.arange(N):
    yvals[i] = sliders[i].val
  l.set_ydata(yvals)
  spline = inter.InterpolatedUnivariateSpline (x, yvals)
  m.set_ydata(spline(X))
  # redraw canvas while idle
  fig.canvas.draw_idle()

X = np.arange(0,xmax+1,0.1)
ax1.plot (X, func(X), 'k--', label='original')
l, = ax1.plot (x,yvals,color='k',linestyle='none',marker='o',markersize=8)
m, = ax1.plot (X, spline(X), 'r-', label='spline')



ax1.set_yscale('linear')
ax1.set_xlim(0, xmax)
ax1.set_ylim(0,xmax)
ax1.set_xlabel('x')
ax1.set_ylabel('y')
ax1.grid(True)
ax1.yaxis.grid(True,which='minor',linestyle='--')
ax1.legend(loc=2,prop={'size':22})

sliders = []

for i in np.arange(N):

    axamp = plt.axes([0.84, 0.8-(i*0.05), 0.12, 0.02])
    # Slider
    s = Slider(axamp, 'p{0}'.format(i), 0, 10, valinit=yvals[i])
    sliders.append(s)


for i in np.arange(N):
    #samp.on_changed(update_slider)
    sliders[i].on_changed(update)


plt.show()

我認為如果可以直接點擊這些點並垂直向上或向下拖動它們，用戶界面會更好。 matplotlib交互式代碼的哪些功能最有助於做到這一點？ 我查看了各種小部件示例，但沒有發現任何對我來說很容易看到的直接有用的東西。 最接近的似乎是矩形選擇器，但我不確定如何調整它以獲得我需要的。

編輯：

這個答案可能適合做我需要的事情。 這與我所需要的完全不同的是，該示例沿現有線選擇一個點（基於鼠標單擊和拖動）並突出顯示它。 我需要點擊並選擇哪個現有點在一個小范圍內（如果沒有，那么拖動應該什么都不做）。 然后代碼應該在拖動時更改該點，並在拖動操作期間重新調整樣條線。 我可以用上面的例子來做到這一點，因為它讓我更好地理解如何將mpl_connect用於不同的動作（並給出了一些示例動作。

最終的代碼應該只允許垂直拖動點，但我認為這個約束很容易建立（即只使用鼠標單擊/釋放的 y 坐標）。

編輯2：

Poly Editor示例似乎非常接近我的需要，我可以從中開發。

Answer 1

好的，在很大程度上依賴於多邊形編輯器示例，我構建了一個示例，該示例可以使用滑塊更改點值或單擊並拖動點。

代碼如下，並注釋了診斷打印：

import matplotlib.animation as animation
from matplotlib.widgets import Slider, Button
import matplotlib as mpl
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
import scipy.interpolate as inter
import numpy as np



func = lambda x: 0.1*x**2

#get a list of points to fit a spline to as well
N = 10
xmin = 0 
xmax = 10 
x = np.linspace(xmin,xmax,N)

#spline fit
yvals = func(x)
spline = inter.InterpolatedUnivariateSpline (x, yvals)

#figure.subplot.right
mpl.rcParams['figure.subplot.right'] = 0.8

#set up a plot
fig,axes = plt.subplots(1,1,figsize=(9.0,8.0),sharex=True)
ax1 = axes


pind = None #active point
epsilon = 5 #max pixel distance

def update(val):
    global yvals
    global spline
    # update curve
    for i in np.arange(N):
      yvals[i] = sliders[i].val 
    l.set_ydata(yvals)
    spline = inter.InterpolatedUnivariateSpline (x, yvals)
    m.set_ydata(spline(X))
    # redraw canvas while idle
    fig.canvas.draw_idle()

def reset(event):
    global yvals
    global spline
    #reset the values
    yvals = func(x)
    for i in np.arange(N):
      sliders[i].reset()
    spline = inter.InterpolatedUnivariateSpline (x, yvals)
    l.set_ydata(yvals)
    m.set_ydata(spline(X))
    # redraw canvas while idle
    fig.canvas.draw_idle()

def button_press_callback(event):
    'whenever a mouse button is pressed'
    global pind
    if event.inaxes is None:
        return
    if event.button != 1:
        return
    #print(pind)
    pind = get_ind_under_point(event)    

def button_release_callback(event):
    'whenever a mouse button is released'
    global pind
    if event.button != 1:
        return
    pind = None

def get_ind_under_point(event):
    'get the index of the vertex under point if within epsilon tolerance'

    # display coords
    #print('display x is: {0}; display y is: {1}'.format(event.x,event.y))
    t = ax1.transData.inverted()
    tinv = ax1.transData 
    xy = t.transform([event.x,event.y])
    #print('data x is: {0}; data y is: {1}'.format(xy[0],xy[1]))
    xr = np.reshape(x,(np.shape(x)[0],1))
    yr = np.reshape(yvals,(np.shape(yvals)[0],1))
    xy_vals = np.append(xr,yr,1)
    xyt = tinv.transform(xy_vals)
    xt, yt = xyt[:, 0], xyt[:, 1]
    d = np.hypot(xt - event.x, yt - event.y)
    indseq, = np.nonzero(d == d.min())
    ind = indseq[0]

    #print(d[ind])
    if d[ind] >= epsilon:
        ind = None
    
    #print(ind)
    return ind

def motion_notify_callback(event):
    'on mouse movement'
    global yvals
    if pind is None:
        return
    if event.inaxes is None:
        return
    if event.button != 1:
        return
    
    #update yvals
    #print('motion x: {0}; y: {1}'.format(event.xdata,event.ydata))
    yvals[pind] = event.ydata 

    # update curve via sliders and draw
    sliders[pind].set_val(yvals[pind])
    fig.canvas.draw_idle()

X = np.arange(0,xmax+1,0.1)
ax1.plot (X, func(X), 'k--', label='original')
l, = ax1.plot (x,yvals,color='k',linestyle='none',marker='o',markersize=8)
m, = ax1.plot (X, spline(X), 'r-', label='spline')



ax1.set_yscale('linear')
ax1.set_xlim(0, xmax)
ax1.set_ylim(0,xmax)
ax1.set_xlabel('x')
ax1.set_ylabel('y')
ax1.grid(True)
ax1.yaxis.grid(True,which='minor',linestyle='--')
ax1.legend(loc=2,prop={'size':22})

sliders = []

for i in np.arange(N):

    axamp = plt.axes([0.84, 0.8-(i*0.05), 0.12, 0.02])
    # Slider
    s = Slider(axamp, 'p{0}'.format(i), 0, 10, valinit=yvals[i])
    sliders.append(s)

    
for i in np.arange(N):
    #samp.on_changed(update_slider)
    sliders[i].on_changed(update)

axres = plt.axes([0.84, 0.8-((N)*0.05), 0.12, 0.02])
bres = Button(axres, 'Reset')
bres.on_clicked(reset)

fig.canvas.mpl_connect('button_press_event', button_press_callback)
fig.canvas.mpl_connect('button_release_event', button_release_callback)
fig.canvas.mpl_connect('motion_notify_event', motion_notify_callback)

plt.show()

我沒有像Poly Editor示例那樣將代碼封裝到一個對象中，但這應該是一個很容易做到的升級。