django.db.utils.operationalError: (2059,“身份驗證插件'caching_sha2_password'”）

Question

我正在嘗試將我的 django 項目“mysite”連接到 mysql。 我在 mysql 中創建了一個用戶並授予它訪問該項目的所有權限。 這些是我對 settings.py 所做的更改：

    DATABASES = {
    'default': {
    'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
    'NAME': 'mysitedb',
    'USER': 'username',
    'PASSWORD': 'password',
    'HOST': 'localhost',
    'PORT': '',
}
}

現在，當我嘗試使用python3 manage.py makemigrations遷移數據庫時，出現以下錯誤：

django.db.utils.OperationalError: (2059, "Authentication plugin 'caching_sha2_password' cannot be loaded: /usr/lib/mysql/plugin/caching_sha2_password.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory")</code></pre>

完整的堆棧跟蹤如下：

Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/prabhjeet/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/backends/base/base.py", line 216, in ensure_connection
self.connect()
File "/home/prabhjeet/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/backends/base/base.py", line 194, in connect
self.connection = self.get_new_connection(conn_params)
File "/home/prabhjeet/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/backends/mysql/base.py", line 236, in get_new_connection
return Database.connect(**conn_params)
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/MySQLdb/__init__.py", line 81, in Connect
return Connection(*args, **kwargs)
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/MySQLdb/connections.py", line 204, in __init__
super(Connection, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs2)
_mysql_exceptions.OperationalError: (2059, "Authentication plugin 'caching_sha2_password' cannot be loaded: /usr/lib/mysql/plugin/caching_sha2_password.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory")

The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

Traceback (most recent call last):
File "manage.py", line 15, in <module>
execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
File "/home/prabhjeet/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 371, in execute_from_command_line
utility.execute()
File "/home/prabhjeet/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 365, in execute
self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
File "/home/prabhjeet/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 288, in run_from_argv
self.execute(*args, **cmd_options)
File "/home/prabhjeet/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 332, in execute
self.check()
File "/home/prabhjeet/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 364, in check
include_deployment_checks=include_deployment_checks,
File "/home/prabhjeet/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 351, in _run_checks
return checks.run_checks(**kwargs)
File "/home/prabhjeet/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/core/checks/registry.py", line 73, in run_checks
new_errors = check(app_configs=app_configs)
File "/home/prabhjeet/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/core/checks/model_checks.py", line 27, in check_all_models
errors.extend(model.check(**kwargs))
File "/home/prabhjeet/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 1200, in check
errors.extend(cls._check_fields(**kwargs))
File "/home/prabhjeet/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 1272, in _check_fields
errors.extend(field.check(**kwargs))
File "/home/prabhjeet/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/models/fields/__init__.py", line 894, in check
errors = super().check(**kwargs)
File "/home/prabhjeet/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/models/fields/__init__.py", line 206, in check
errors.extend(self._check_backend_specific_checks(**kwargs))
File "/home/prabhjeet/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/models/fields/__init__.py", line 303, in _check_backend_specific_checks
return connections[db].validation.check_field(self, **kwargs)
File "/home/prabhjeet/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/backends/base/validation.py", line 21, in check_field
field_type = field.db_type(self.connection)
File "/home/prabhjeet/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/models/fields/__init__.py", line 648, in db_type
return connection.data_types[self.get_internal_type()] % data
File "/home/prabhjeet/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/utils/functional.py", line 36, in __get__
res = instance.__dict__[self.name] = self.func(instance)
File "/home/prabhjeet/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/backends/mysql/base.py", line 133, in data_types
if self.features.supports_microsecond_precision:
File "/home/prabhjeet/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/utils/functional.py", line 36, in __get__
res = instance.__dict__[self.name] = self.func(instance)
File "/home/prabhjeet/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/backends/mysql/features.py", line 65, in supports_microsecond_precision
return self.connection.mysql_version >= (5, 6, 4)
File "/home/prabhjeet/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/utils/functional.py", line 36, in __get__
res = instance.__dict__[self.name] = self.func(instance)
File "/home/prabhjeet/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/backends/mysql/base.py", line 345, in mysql_version
with self.temporary_connection() as cursor:
File "/usr/lib/python3.5/contextlib.py", line 59, in __enter__
return next(self.gen)
File "/home/prabhjeet/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/backends/base/base.py", line 576, in temporary_connection
cursor = self.cursor()
File "/home/prabhjeet/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/backends/base/base.py", line 255, in cursor
return self._cursor()
File "/home/prabhjeet/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/backends/base/base.py", line 232, in _cursor
self.ensure_connection()
File "/home/prabhjeet/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/backends/base/base.py", line 216, in ensure_connection
self.connect()
File "/home/prabhjeet/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 89, in __exit__
raise dj_exc_value.with_traceback(traceback) from exc_value
File "/home/prabhjeet/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/backends/base/base.py", line 216, in ensure_connection
self.connect()
File "/home/prabhjeet/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/backends/base/base.py", line 194, in connect
self.connection = self.get_new_connection(conn_params)
File "/home/prabhjeet/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/backends/mysql/base.py", line 236, in get_new_connection
return Database.connect(**conn_params)
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/MySQLdb/__init__.py", line 81, in Connect
return Connection(*args, **kwargs)
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/MySQLdb/connections.py", line 204, in __init__
super(Connection, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs2)
django.db.utils.OperationalError: (2059, "Authentication plugin 'caching_sha2_password' cannot be loaded: /usr/lib/mysql/plugin/caching_sha2_password.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory")

我該如何解決這個錯誤？ 我在 ubuntu 16.04 平台上使用 python 3。

Answer 1

問題（可能）是您的（新）MySQL 版本。

從版本 8.04 開始，MySQL 使用 caching_sha2_password 作為默認身份驗證插件，其中以前使用了 mysql_native_password（這會導致與期望 mysql_native_password 身份驗證的舊服務的兼容性問題）。

可能的解決方案：

將 MySQL 服務器降級到更改或更改身份驗證插件（基於用戶）以下的版本

例如在創建用戶時：

CREATE USER 'username'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'password';

Answer 2

其實不需要降級MYSQL Server。 按照以下兩個步驟操作，它應該可以工作：

步驟 1：更改 MYSQL 配置以使用 mysql_native_password。 編輯 mysqld 正在使用的 ini 文件之一。 您可以使用命令查看我的哪一個

mysqld --verbose --help 

並確保添加了這一行 -

default-authentication-plugin=mysql_native_password

第 2 步：創建新用戶或更改現有用戶。 要使用 mysql_native_password 密碼創建新密碼：

CREATE USER 'username'@'ip_address' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'password';

並改變用戶

ALTER USER 'username'@'ip_address' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'password';

順便說一句，這一步也是@Kol_ya指出的

Answer 3

@Kol_ya 使用 CREATE USER 'username'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'password' 創建了新用戶； 其中用戶名 = 創建新用戶名和密碼 = 當前登錄 root 的密碼（用 caching_sha2 創建的用戶名）。 這一步允許我連接到 MySql Server 8.0.13 而不會出現 caching_sha2 身份驗證錯誤。 尋找了幾個線程的解決方案，但這一個就這樣幫助了。 謝謝@kol_ya

給有 caching_sha2 問題的人的建議。 在服務器端確保您的用戶身份驗證類型是標准的，而不是 caching_sha2_password。

Answer 4

在 MySql 8.0 中，默認的身份驗證插件是“caching_sha2_password”，這會導致身份驗證插件問題（錯誤 2059），可以在 MySql 工作台中創建一個新用戶並將其中的身份驗證設置為標准。

Answer 5

當數據庫用戶沒有對數據庫的所有訪問權限時，通常會出現此錯誤

運行此命令：

ALTER  USER 'username'@'ip_address' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'password';

*確保您的 MySQL 服務器正在運行。