[英]Spring Boot Unit Test a module not detecting an autowired component
我們將基於 Maven 的 Spring Boot 項目拆分為兩個模塊,如下所示:
ProjectRoot
-SharedModel
-Application
--main
---java
----com....(Application.java)
-----com....(ClassToAutowire.java)
--test
----com....(ApplicationTest.java)
-----com....(ClassToAutowireTest.java)
測試類如下所示:
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
public class ClassToAutowireTest extends BaseTest {
@Autowired
private ClassToAutowire classToAutowire;
@Before
public void setup() throws IOException {
....
}
@Test
public void someTest() {
....
assertEquals(this.classToAutowire.isSupported(this.message), true);
}
}
ClassToAutowire 如下所示:
@Component
public class ClassToAutowire {
private ConfigurationService configurationService;
@Autowired
public ClassToAutowire(ConfigurationService configurationService) {
this.configurationService = configurationService;
}
....
}
Application.java 如下所示:
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableRetry
public class Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
}
}
ApplicationTest.java 如下所示:
@SpringBootTest
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
public class ApplicationTests {
@Test
@Ignore
public void contextLoads() {
// °º¤ø,¸¸,ø¤º°`°º¤ø,¸,ø¤°º¤ø,¸¸,ø¤º°`°º¤ø,¸
}
}
當我運行這個單元測試時,我們得到以下跟蹤:
2018-06-27 15:02:37.835 ERROR [ main] context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:234): Caught exception while allowing TestExecutionListener [org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener@57c03d88] to prepare test instance [com.some.package.structure.ClassToAutowireTest@16aa8654]
org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'com.some.package.structure.ClassToAutowireTest': Unsatisfied dependency expressed through field 'classToAutowire'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'com.some.package.structure.ClassToAutowire' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:588)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:88)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:366)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1264)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.autowireBeanProperties(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:386)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.injectDependencies(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:118)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:83)
at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:230)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:228)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:287)
at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:289)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:247)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:94)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:70)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:191)
at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137)
at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:68)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:47)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:242)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:70)
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'com.some.package.structure.ClassToAutowire' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.raiseNoMatchingBeanFound(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1493)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1104)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1066)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:585)
... 27 more
看起來這個問題可以通過在@RuneWith
注釋下面添加注釋@SpringBootTest(classes={ClassToAutowire.class})
來繞過,但是單元測試似乎加載了整個SpringBoot 應用程序來運行測試。
我的問題是:
1)為什么需要這個額外的注釋來解決這個問題? 它應該掃描整個Application/main/java/....(基於Application.java),為什么它沒有檢測到組件?
2)如何最好地做到這一點,以最小的負載使單元測試更快?
使用@ContextConfiguration(classes = ClassToAutowire.class)
提供您的測試,然后您的上下文將與該類一起提供。 @SpringBootTest
注釋用於集成測試以加載完整上下文。 使用@ContextConfiguration
注釋,您只能加載部分上下文。
@SpringBootTest
用於集成測試,這意味着集成應用程序的不同層。 這就是它加載整個上下文的原因。
如果您只想對控制器進行單元測試,請使用@WebMvcTest
並模擬您需要的所有其他層。
有關帶有工作示例的所有層的完整單元測試,請參閱:在 Spring 中測試
最后檢索日期:2018/27/06
我已經解決了這個錯誤,將我的測試類移到了 com 包中。 測試文件夾的結構如下所示
--/test
--/--/java
--/--/--/com
--/--/--/--/TestClass
我不確定這個結構是否可以,但這是有效的。
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