在 Windows 上安裝 Active Directory PowerShell 模塊 10

Question

我試圖通過tec.net提供的這組命令在windows 10上安裝powershell的活動目錄模塊，但我仍然無法成功，我已經嘗試了很多次，也以管理員身份運行powershell，但問題仍然存在，它看起來像是卡在循環打印中：“。” 我從此鏈接下載了代碼（它包含在 a.txt 文件中）

另外，我附上了代碼本身和執行代碼后的結果截圖。

基本上，所提供的代碼會創建一個名為 Install-ADModule 的 function，然后調用它：

#requires -RunAsAdministrator

<#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ashley McGlone, Microsoft Premier Field Engineer
http://aka.ms/goateepfe
February 2016
Install-ADModule
For Windows 10 performs the following tasks:
- Downloads and installs Windows 10 RSAT for the appropriate system architecture
- Enables the RSAT AD PowerShell feature
- Updates help for the AD module
- Displays validation output
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LEGAL DISCLAIMER
This Sample Code is provided for the purpose of illustration only and is not
intended to be used in a production environment.  THIS SAMPLE CODE AND ANY
RELATED INFORMATION ARE PROVIDED "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER
EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY AND/OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  We grant You a
nonexclusive, royalty-free right to use and modify the Sample Code and to
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that You agree: (i) to not use Our name, logo, or trademarks to market Your
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copyright notice on Your software product in which the Sample Code is embedded;
and (iii) to indemnify, hold harmless, and defend Us and Our suppliers from and
against any claims or lawsuits, including attorneys’ fees, that arise or result
from the use or distribution of the Sample Code.

This posting is provided "AS IS" with no warranties, and confers no rights. Use
of included script samples are subject to the terms specified
at http://www.microsoft.com/info/cpyright.htm.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------#>


<#
.SYNOPSIS
Installs the AD PowerShell module from RSAT for Windows 10
.DESCRIPTION
Performs the following tasks:
- Downloads and installs Windows 10 RSAT for the appropriate system architecture
- Enables the RSAT AD PowerShell feature
- Updates help for the AD module
- Displays validation output
.NOTES
Requires an elevated PowerShell host.

Requires an internet connection to download the RSAT install.

The RSAT hotfix download (<100MB) will be stored in the Downloads
folder of the user running the script.

Checks the following before taking action:
- Is the system running Windows 10?
- Is the RSAT already installed?
- Is the AD PowerShell feature already enabled?
.PARAMETER Test
Switch parameter to validate the install. Performs the following:
- Displays the RSAT update file that was downloaded.
- Confirms the hotfix is installed.
- Displays help for Get-ADDomain.
- Run the cmdlets Get-ADDomain.
.EXAMPLE
Install-ADModule -Verbose
.EXAMPLE
Install-ADModule -Test -Verbose
#>
Function Install-ADModule {
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param(
        [switch]$Test = $false
    )

    If ((Get-CimInstance Win32_OperatingSystem).Caption -like "*Windows 10*") {
        Write-Verbose '---This system is running Windows 10'
    } Else {
        Write-Warning '---This system is not running Windows 10'
        break
    }

    If (Get-HotFix -Id KB2693643 -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue) {

        Write-Verbose '---RSAT for Windows 10 is already installed'

    } Else {

        Write-Verbose '---Downloading RSAT for Windows 10'

        If ((Get-CimInstance Win32_ComputerSystem).SystemType -like "x64*") {
            $dl = 'WindowsTH-KB2693643-x64.msu'
        } Else {
            $dl = 'WindowsTH-KB2693643-x86.msu'
        }
        Write-Verbose "---Hotfix file is $dl"

        Write-Verbose "---$(Get-Date)"
        #Download file sample
        #https://gallery.technet.microsoft.com/scriptcenter/files-from-websites-4a181ff3
        $BaseURL = 'https://download.microsoft.com/download/1/D/8/1D8B5022-5477-4B9A-8104-6A71FF9D98AB/'
        $URL = $BaseURL + $dl
        $Destination = Join-Path -Path $HOME -ChildPath "Downloads\$dl"
        $WebClient = New-Object System.Net.WebClient
        $WebClient.DownloadFile($URL,$Destination)
        $WebClient.Dispose()

        Write-Verbose '---Installing RSAT for Windows 10'
        Write-Verbose "---$(Get-Date)"
        # http://stackoverflow.com/questions/21112244/apply-service-packs-msu-file-update-using-powershell-scripts-on-local-server
        wusa.exe $Destination /quiet /norestart /log:$home\Documents\RSAT.log

        # wusa.exe returns immediately. Loop until install complete.
        do {
            Write-Host "." -NoNewline
            Start-Sleep -Seconds 3
        } until (Get-HotFix -Id KB2693643 -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue)
        Write-Host "."
        Write-Verbose "---$(Get-Date)"
    }

    # The latest versions of the RSAT automatically enable all RSAT features
    If ((Get-WindowsOptionalFeature -Online -FeatureName `
        RSATClient-Roles-AD-Powershell -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue).State `
        -eq 'Enabled') {

        Write-Verbose '---RSAT AD PowerShell already enabled'

    } Else {

        Write-Verbose '---Enabling RSAT AD PowerShell'
        Enable-WindowsOptionalFeature -Online -FeatureName RSATClient-Roles-AD-Powershell

    }

    Write-Verbose '---Downloading help for AD PowerShell'
    Update-Help -Module ActiveDirectory -Verbose -Force

    Write-Verbose '---ActiveDirectory PowerShell module install complete.'

    # Verify
    If ($Test) {
        Write-Verbose '---Validating AD PowerShell install'
        dir (Join-Path -Path $HOME -ChildPath Downloads\*msu)
        Get-HotFix -Id KB2693643
        Get-Help Get-ADDomain
        Get-ADDomain
    }
}


Get-Help Install-ADModule -Full

Install-ADModule -Verbose

#Install-ADModule -Test -Verbose

break

<#
# Remove
wusa.exe /uninstall /kb:2693643 /quiet /norestart /log:$home\RSAT.log
#>

執行function創建后的結果：

PS C:\WINDOWS\system32> Install-ADModule -Verbose
VERBOSE: Perform operation 'Enumerate CimInstances' with following parameters, ''className' = Win32_OperatingSystem,'namespaceName' = root\cimv2'.
VERBOSE: Operation 'Enumerate CimInstances' complete.
VERBOSE: ---This system is running Windows 10
VERBOSE: ---Downloading RSAT for Windows 10
VERBOSE: Perform operation 'Enumerate CimInstances' with following parameters, ''className' = Win32_ComputerSystem,'namespaceName' = root\cimv2'.
VERBOSE: Operation 'Enumerate CimInstances' complete.
VERBOSE: ---Hotfix file is WindowsTH-KB2693643-x64.msu
VERBOSE: ---07/02/2018 14:51:35
VERBOSE: ---Installing RSAT for Windows 10
VERBOSE: ---07/02/2018 14:51:57
......................... (Here is where it keeps printing dots)

截屏：

注：我手上的windows版本是：Windows 10 Home 64-bit (10.0, Build 17134)

我希望你們能幫我解決這個問題。 你好！

Answer 1

RSAT在Windows的“家庭”版本上不可用。 我在Windows 10家庭版中遇到了Hyper-V的類似問題，但在付費升級到Windows 10專業版后，它的工作情況還不錯。

Answer 2

我能夠在 Windows 10 Pro 上為 Powershell 安裝 Active Directory 模塊

1. Settings->Apps->add a features: RSAT active directory domain services and lightweight directory services

this is the feature on demand

2. From powershell run as administrator: Import-Module -Name ActiveDirectory