Python無法運行程序

Question

我是python的新手，但是具有C＃和Matlab的大學經驗。 我正在嘗試編寫並運行dijkstras算法，但是當我運行它時，什么也沒發生。 我將附上代碼（包括注釋掉的失敗嘗試），以希望有人可以指導我朝正確的方向發展。

#must write script to turn matrix into this form of graph
graph = {'a':{'c':3,'e':5},'c':{'a':3,'d':5},'d':{'c':3,'e':6},'e':
{'d':6,'a':5}}
unseenNodes = {}
goal = {}
start = {}


#defining function
def dijkstra(graph, start, goal):
    shortest_distance = {} #empty dictionary
    predeccesor = {} #empty dictionary 
    unseenNodes = graph #makes it run through til all are seen
    path = []
def __init__(self):  
 #start node to next node
    print( str("hi"))

     for node in unseenNodes:
        shortest_distance[node]=9999999
        shortest_distance[start]=0
        print(shortest_distance)

#beefy bit of dijkstras alogrithim 
    while unseenNodes:
        minNode=None
        for node in unseenNodes:
            if minNode is None:
                minNode = node

            elif shortest_distance[node] < shortest_distance[minNode]:
                minNode = node

            for childNode, weight in graph [minNode].items():
                if weight + shortest_distance[minNode] < 
 shortest_distance[childNode]:
                    shortest_distance[childNode] = weight + shortest_distance[minNode]

                predeccesor[childNode] = minNode
                unseenNodes.pop(minNode)

                print(shortest_distance)

#reverse stack approach to trace path
    currentNode = goal
    while currentNode != start:
        try:
            path.insert(0,currentNode)
            currentNode = predeccesor[currentNode]
         except KeyError:
            print('path not valid')
        #break

        path.insert(0,start)
        if shortest_distance[goal] != infinity:
            #print(goal) 
            print('shortest distance is' + str(shortest_distance[goal]))
            print('path is' + str(path))
         else:
             Print('Something Went Wrong!')

#break

dijkstra(graph, 'a', 'd')

Answer 1

dijkstra函數僅執行這四行代碼，因為它們是定義第二個函數之前的僅有的幾行代碼。 因此，當您最后調用此函數時，程序將創建一些空字典，然后關閉：

shortest_distance = {} #empty dictionary
predeccesor = {} #empty dictionary 
unseenNodes = graph #makes it run through til all are seen
path = []

您定義的第二個函數init （）是一個類方法，您不能在類外部定義它。

首先查看python中的一些更基本的算法，並熟悉語法（我不知道它與C＃有什么不同）。

Answer 2

好的，所以我修復了代碼的縮進，作用域和名稱問題（請參見下文），並且出現以下錯誤

hi
{'a': 0}
{'a': 0, 'c': 9999999}
{'a': 0, 'c': 9999999, 'd': 9999999}
{'a': 0, 'c': 9999999, 'd': 9999999, 'e': 9999999}
{'a': 0, 'c': 3, 'd': 9999999, 'e': 9999999}
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "dijkstras.py", line 69, in <module>
    dijkstra(graph, 'a', 'd')
  File "dijkstras.py", line 47, in dijkstra
    unseen_nodes.pop(minNode)
KeyError: 'a'

也許這會幫助您繼續嗎？

#! /usr/bin/env python3
# dijkstras.py

import math

# must write script to turn matrix into this form of graph
graph = {
    'a': {'c': 3, 'e': 5},
    'c': {'a': 3, 'd': 5},
    'd': {'c': 3, 'e': 6},
    'e': {'d': 6, 'a': 5}
}


# defining function
def dijkstra(graph, start, goal):
    shortest_distance = {}  # empty dictionary
    predeccesor = {}  # empty dictionary
    unseen_nodes = graph  # makes it run through til all are seen
    path = []

    # start node to next node
    print(str("hi"))

    for node in unseen_nodes:
        shortest_distance[node] = 9999999
        shortest_distance[start] = 0
        print(shortest_distance)

    # beefy bit of dijkstras alogrithim
    while unseen_nodes:
        min_node = None
        for node in unseen_nodes:
            if min_node is None:
                min_node = node

            elif shortest_distance[node] < shortest_distance[min_node]:
                min_node = node

            for childNode, weight in graph[min_node].items():
                if weight + shortest_distance[min_node] < shortest_distance[childNode]:
                    shortest_distance[childNode] = weight + shortest_distance[min_node]

                    predeccesor[childNode] = min_node
                    unseen_nodes.pop(min_node)

                    print(shortest_distance)

                    # reverse stack approach to trace path
    current_node = goal
    while current_node != start:
        try:
            path.insert(0, current_node)
            current_node = predeccesor[current_node]
        except KeyError:
            print('path not valid')
        # break

        path.insert(0, start)
        if shortest_distance[goal] != math.inf:
            # print(goal)
            print('shortest distance is' + str(shortest_distance[goal]))
            print('path is' + str(path))
        else:
            print('Something Went Wrong!')



if __name__ == '__main__':  # only run if script
    dijkstra(graph, 'a', 'd')

Answer 3

您只需要一次更改

• 從代碼中刪除該def __init__(self): function 。

• __init__函數在類中用於初始化對象的變量。

• 您不能調用__init__函數，這就是為什么您未獲得任何輸出的原因。

• 還要進行適當的縮進，您將獲得輸出。