如何使用Mockito模擬Spring RestTemplate？

Question

實際上我正在嘗試以下方法的UT：

    @Override
public Reservation findReservation(Long id) {
    RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();
    Reservation reservation = restTemplate.getForObject(RESERVATION_REST_URL+id, Reservation.class);
    return reservation;
}

我正在做UT的波紋管：

@Before
public void setUp(){
  MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
}

@Test
public void testFindReservation(){
    Reservation reservation = new Reservation();
    reservation.setId(1000l);
    reservation.setCheckiIn(true);
    reservation.setNumberOfBags(10);

 when(restTemplate.getForObject("http://localhost:8080/flightreservation/reserva 
 tions/1000", Reservation.class))
            .thenReturn(reservation);

   Reservation res =  reservationRestClient.findReservation(1000l);

   Assert.assertNotNull(res);
}

但是它給了錯誤，據我了解，它沒有被正確地模擬，某種程度上，RestTemplate試圖調用真正的api而不是模擬。

ResourceAccessException: I/O error on GET request for http://localhost:8080/flightreservation/reserva 
     tions/1000

服務等級：

    @Service
public class ReservationRestServiceImpl implements ReservationRestService {
    private static final String RESERVATION_REST_URL = "http://localhost:8080/flightreservation/reservations/";
    private final RestTemplate restTemplate;

    public ReservationRestServiceImpl(RestTemplateBuilder restTemplateBuilder) {
        this.restTemplate = restTemplateBuilder.build();
    }

    @Override
    public Reservation fetchReservationByPnr(Long id) {

        Reservation reservation = restTemplate.getForObject(RESERVATION_REST_URL+id, Reservation.class);
        return reservation;
    }
}

測試文件如下所示，在testfile中模擬RestTemplateBuilder之后，它給出了NLP。

    @RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
//@AutoConfigureWebClient
@SpringBootTest(classes = { WebcheckinApplication.class })
public class WebcheckinApplicationTests {


    private ReservationRestServiceImpl reservationRestServiceImpl;

    @Mock
    private RestTemplateBuilder restTemplateBuilder;

    @Before
    public void setUp() throws Exception {
        reservationRestServiceImpl = new ReservationRestServiceImpl();
        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
    }

    @Test
    public void contextLoads() {
    }


    @Test
    public void testFindReservation(){
        Reservation reservation = new Reservation();
        reservation.setId(1000l);
        reservation.setCheckiIn(true);
        reservation.setNumberOfBags(10);

        RestTemplateBuilder builder = mock(RestTemplateBuilder.class);
        reservationRestServiceImpl.setBuilder(builder);
        reservationRestServiceImpl.init();

        when(builder.build().getForObject("http://localhost:8080/flightreservation/reservations/1000", Reservation.class))
                .thenReturn(reservation);

       Reservation res =  reservationRestServiceImpl.fetchReservationByPnr(1000l);

       Assert.assertNotNull(res);

        //assertEquals("{message : 'under construction'}", result);
    }
}

Answer 1

我不確定您使用的是哪個版本的Spring。 但是在Spring中，建議的模式是使用RestTemplateBuilder而不是直接創建RestTemplate

https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/current/reference/html/boot-features-resttemplate.html

將RestTemplateBuilder注入服務，並從中構造其余模板。 在您的測試用例中，您可以注入一個模擬的RestTemplateBuilder，而后者又可以返回一個模擬的RestTemplate。

因此，如果您能夠重構原始服務，則可以使用一些更具可測試性的代碼。

- 更多細節 -

這就是我開設課程的方式...

public class SomeService {

    private RestTemplateBuilder builder;
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    @Autowired
    public void setBuilder(RestTemplateBuilder builder) {
        this.builder = builder;
    }

    @PostConstruct
    public void init() {
        restTemplate = builder.build();
    }

    public Object fetchReservationByPnr(Long id) {
        return restTemplate.getForObject("someUrl"+id, Object.class);
    }
}

然后，在測試中，您可以只創建服務，分配Mocked RestTemplateBuilder並調用init。 您將不需要Spring運行器或在Spring Context中運行測試。 標准的JUnit運行程序就足夠了。

我尚未完全完成您的測試，但這對我有用

import org.junit.Test;
import org.mockito.Mockito;
import org.springframework.boot.web.client.RestTemplateBuilder;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

public class SomeServiceTest {

    @Test
    public void testMe() {
        RestTemplateBuilder mockedBuilder = Mockito.mock(RestTemplateBuilder.class);
        RestTemplate mockedRestTemplate = Mockito.mock(RestTemplate.class);
        Mockito.when(mockedBuilder.build()).thenReturn(mockedRestTemplate);

        SomeService someService = new SomeService();
        someService.setBuilder(mockedBuilder);
        someService.init();

        Mockito.verify(mockedBuilder).build();
    }
}

為了進行測試，只需將其他模擬添加到模擬的RestTemplate中

Answer 2

@Sandeep Tiwari ..這樣設置測試用例...

@Autowired
    private MockRestServiceServer server;

    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

add these following in @Before method ....
------------------------------------
server.expect(ExpectedCount.manyTimes(), requestTo(URL)).andRespond(withSuccess(detailsString, MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON));