[英]Error when building executable from Python3.6 script importing pandas using cx_Freeze
我正在嘗試使用cx_Freeze創建一個Python 3.6可執行文件,其中包括pandas和numpy。 我正在使用Python 3.6.5和使用virtualenvwrapper創建的虛擬環境。 我正在Windows 10上開發.cx_Freeze版本是5.1。 熊貓版本是0.23.4。
我的setup.py看起來像這樣:
import os
from cx_Freeze import setup, Executable
PYTHON_INSTALL_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.__file__))
os.environ['TCL_LIBRARY'] = os.path.join(PYTHON_INSTALL_DIR, 'tcl', 'tcl8.6')
os.environ['TK_LIBRARY'] = os.path.join(PYTHON_INSTALL_DIR, 'tcl', 'tk8.6')
executables = [Executable("main.py", base=base)]
packages = ["idna", "os", "numpy","importlib", "pandas"]
options = {
'build_exe': {
'packages':packages,
'include_files':[
os.path.join(PYTHON_INSTALL_DIR, 'DLLs', 'tk86t.dll'),
os.path.join(PYTHON_INSTALL_DIR, 'DLLs', 'tcl86t.dll'),
os.path.join(PYTHON_INSTALL_DIR, 'DLLs', 'sqlite3.dll'),
],
},
}
setup(
name = "MyScript",
options = options,
version = "0.1",
description = 'Placeholder desc',
executables = executables
)
請注意,我手動設置env變量,因為在構建過程中沒有找到它們,我不得不手動將DLL移動到virtualenv文件夾。
腳本看起來像這樣:
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import tkinter as tk
root = tk.Tk()
root.mainloop()
如果我將import pandas as pd
注釋import pandas as pd
,一切正常。 如果我添加pandas導入,我會收到以下錯誤:
C:\path\to\project\build\exe.win-amd64-3.6>MyScript.exe
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\path\to\Envs\MyEnv\lib\site-packages\cx_Freeze\initscripts\__startup__.py", line 14, in run
module.run()
File "C:\path\to\Envs\MyEnv\lib\site-packages\cx_Freeze\initscripts\Console.py", line 26, in run
exec(code, m.__dict__)
File "MyScript.py", line 2, in <module>
File "C:\path\to\Envs\MyEnv\lib\site-packages\pandas\__init__.py", line 23, in <module>
from pandas.compat.numpy import *
File "C:\path\to\Envs\MyEnv\lib\site-packages\pandas\compat\__init__.py", line 32, in <module>
from distutils.version import LooseVersion
File "C:\path\to\Envs\MyEnv\lib\distutils\__init__.py", line 17, in <module>
real_distutils = imp.load_module("_virtualenv_distutils", None, distutils_path, ('', '', imp.PKG_DIRECTORY))
File "C:\path\to\Envs\MyEnv\lib\imp.py", line 245, in load_module
return load_package(name, filename)
File "C:\path\to\Envs\MyEnv\lib\imp.py", line 217, in load_package
return _load(spec)
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 683, in _load
AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'name'
我已經在網上看到了很多論壇和堆棧溢出問題(實際上我必須修復很多錯誤才能到達這里)但是我無法解決cx_Freeze缺失的問題。
我已經卸載並重新安裝了pandas,我卸載了cx_Freeze並嘗試安裝以前的版本(安裝失敗,但這是一個不同的SO問題)。 我實際上嘗試過pyinstaller和py2exe但是有太多的錯誤(更難以修復)我放棄了除了cx_Freeze之外的任何東西來創建可執行文件。
有人可以幫忙嗎?
在cx_Freeze
版本5.1.1中,包含的模塊位於構建目錄的子目錄lib
中。 手動添加的DLL顯然也需要移動到那里。
您可以通過以下修改setup.py腳本來執行此操作:
options = {
'build_exe': {
'packages': packages,
'include_files': [
(os.path.join(PYTHON_INSTALL_DIR, 'DLLs', 'tk86t.dll'), os.path.join('lib', 'tk86t.dll')),
(os.path.join(PYTHON_INSTALL_DIR, 'DLLs', 'tcl86t.dll'), os.path.join('lib', 'tcl86t.dll')),
(os.path.join(PYTHON_INSTALL_DIR, 'DLLs', 'sqlite3.dll'), os.path.join('lib', 'sqlite3.dll'))
],
},
}
我實際上不確定sqlite3.dll
是否也需要移動到lib
。
鑒於它似乎表明pandas
和tkinter
之間存在導入沖突,你的問題很有意思。 這可能就是為什么你會收到與此問題中報告的不同的錯誤消息:
使用cx_Freeze時出現“ImportError:DLL加載失敗:無法找到指定的模塊”,即使添加了tcl86t.dll和tk86t.dll
編輯:我設法使用以下配置在Windows 7上使用Python 3.6.5凍結並運行OP的示例腳本main.py
而不會出現錯誤
idna 2.7(用pip安裝)
numpy 1.14.3 + mkl(使用Gohlke的二進制文件安裝)
熊貓0.23.4(用點子安裝)
cx_Freeze 5.1.1(用pip安裝)
我使用以下setup.py
腳本:
import os
import sys
from cx_Freeze import setup, Executable
PYTHON_INSTALL_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.__file__))
os.environ['TCL_LIBRARY'] = os.path.join(PYTHON_INSTALL_DIR, 'tcl', 'tcl8.6')
os.environ['TK_LIBRARY'] = os.path.join(PYTHON_INSTALL_DIR, 'tcl', 'tk8.6')
base = None
if sys.platform == "win32":
base = "Win32GUI"
executables = [Executable("main.py", base=base)]
packages = ["idna", "os", "numpy", "importlib", "pandas"]
options = {
'build_exe': {
'packages': packages,
'include_files': [
(os.path.join(PYTHON_INSTALL_DIR, 'DLLs', 'tk86t.dll'), os.path.join('lib', 'tk86t.dll')),
(os.path.join(PYTHON_INSTALL_DIR, 'DLLs', 'tcl86t.dll'), os.path.join('lib', 'tcl86t.dll')),
(os.path.join(PYTHON_INSTALL_DIR, 'DLLs', 'sqlite3.dll'), os.path.join('lib', 'sqlite3.dll'))
],
},
}
setup(
name="MyScript",
options=options,
version="0.1",
description='Placeholder desc',
executables=executables
)
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