HTML字符串通過jQuery追加

Question

我想使用jQuery append生成以下HTML字符串。 手動編寫代碼對我來說太麻煩了。

 <div>

    <label>Name (Optional)</label>
    <input type='text' class='form-control' id='job-name'/><br />

    <label>Quick Schedule</label><br />

    <a class="btn btn-primary" onclick="schedule = '@hourly'; job_string();">Hourly</a>
    <a class="btn btn-primary" onclick="schedule = '@daily'; job_string();">Daily</a>
    <a class="btn btn-primary" onclick="schedule = '@weekly'; job_string();">Weekly</a>
    <a class="btn btn-primary" onclick="schedule = '@monthly'; job_string();">Monthly</a>
    <a class="btn btn-primary" onclick="schedule = '@yearly'; job_string();">Yearly</a><br /><br />

    <div class="row">
        <div class="col-md-2">Minute</div>
        <div class="col-md-2">Hour</div>
        <div class="col-md-2">Day</div>
        <div class="col-md-2">Month</div>
        <div class="col-md-2">Week</div>
    </div>

    <div class="row">
        <div class="col-md-2"><input type="text" class="form-control" id="job-minute" value="*" onclick="this.select();"/></div>
        <div class="col-md-2"><input type="text" class="form-control" id="job-hour" value="*" onclick="this.select();"/></div>
        <div class="col-md-2"><input type="text" class="form-control" id="job-day" value="*" onclick="this.select();"/></div>
        <div class="col-md-2"><input type="text" class="form-control" id="job-month" value="*" onclick="this.select();"/></div>
        <div class="col-md-2"><input type="text" class="form-control" id="job-week" value="*" onclick="this.select();"/></div>
        <div class="col-md-2"><a class="btn btn-primary" onclick="set_schedule();">Set</a></div>
    </div>
  </div>

例如，它應該寫成類似於下面的格式。

$('<div/>').append(

        ).append(

        ) ....

使用jQuery append創建上述HTML的最佳方法是什么？ 這里的領導非常感謝。

Answer 1

您可以使用樹狀數據結構表示HTML。 完成后，您可以遍歷樹，並為每個節點創建相應的元素並將其附加到目標元素。

功能樣式編程似乎非常適合用最少量的代碼創建上述對象。 您可以使用函數組合抽象創建復雜結構。 此外，您可以使用數組和更高階函數（如map）批量創建元素。

為了讓您了解它是如何完成的，請考慮以下模型（接口）來表示節點（元素）：

interface Node {
  tag: string;
  classNames: string[];
  attrs: {
    [key: string]: string;
  };
  eventHandlers: {
    [key: string]: (...params: any[]) => any;
  };
  children: Node[];
  textChildren: string[];
}

注意 ：上面的類型定義是用Typescript編寫的。 顯然，您可以忽略類型並實現我在純JavaScript中描述的內容。

現在考慮以下標記：

<div class="row">
    <div class="col-md-2"><input type="text" class="form-control" id="job-minute" value="*" onclick="this.select();"/></div>
    <div class="col-md-2"><input type="text" class="form-control" id="job-hour" value="*" onclick="this.select();"/></div>
    <div class="col-md-2"><input type="text" class="form-control" id="job-day" value="*" onclick="this.select();"/></div>
    <div class="col-md-2"><input type="text" class="form-control" id="job-month" value="*" onclick="this.select();"/></div>
    <div class="col-md-2"><input type="text" class="form-control" id="job-week" value="*" onclick="this.select();"/></div>
    <div class="col-md-2"><a class="btn btn-primary" onclick="set_schedule();">Set</a></div>
</div>

讓我們定義一些輔助函數，這樣我們就可以更容易地創建等效樹：

const createRow = (children) => ({
  tag: "div",
  classNames: ["row"],
  attrs: {},
  eventHandlers: {},
  children,
  textChildren: []
});

const createCol = (cls, children) => ({
  tag: "div",
  classNames: [cls],
  attrs: {},
  eventHandlers: {},
  children,
  textChildren: []
});

const createFormInput = (attrs, eventHandlers) => ({
  tag: "input",
  attrs,
  classNames: ["form-control"],
  eventHandlers,
  children: [],
  textChildren: []
});

const createFormInputTextInCol = id =>
  createCol("col-md-2", [
    createFormInput(
      {
        type: "text",
        id,
        value: "*"
      },
      {
        click() {
          this.select();
        }
      }
    )
  ]);

const createAnchorButton = (text, eventHandlers) => ({
  tag: "a",
  attrs: {},
  classNames: ["btn", "btn-primary"],
  eventHandlers,
  children: [],
  textChildren: [text]
});

使用上面定義的函數，創建等效樹非常簡單：

const row = createRow([
  ...["job-minute", "job-hour", "job-day", "job-month", "job-week"].map(
    createFormInputTextInCol
  ),
  createCol("col-md-2", [
    createAnchorButton("Set", {
      click() {
        // TODO: define set_schedule
        // set_schedule();
      }
    })
  ])
]);

要將此對象轉換為（JQuery包裝）元素，您可以執行以下操作：

const toElement = node => {
  const element = $(`<${node.tag}>`);
  Object.keys(node.attrs).forEach(key => {
    element.attr(key, node.attrs[key]);
  });
  element.addClass(node.classNames.join(" "));
  Object.keys(node.eventHandlers).forEach(key => {
    element.on(key, function(...args) {
      node.eventHandlers[key].call(this, ...args);
    });
  });
  node.textChildren.map(text => document.createTextNode(text)).forEach(e => element.append(e));
  node.children.map(toElement).forEach(e => element.append(e));
  return element;
};
$('<div />').append(toElement(row));

---

演示

 const createRow = (children) => ({ tag: "div", classNames: ["row"], attrs: {}, eventHandlers: {}, children, textChildren: [] }); const createCol = (cls, children) => ({ tag: "div", classNames: [cls], attrs: {}, eventHandlers: {}, children, textChildren: [] }); const createFormInput = (attrs, eventHandlers) => ({ tag: "input", attrs, classNames: ["form-control"], eventHandlers, children: [], textChildren: [] }); const createFormInputTextInCol = id => createCol("col-md-2", [ createFormInput({ type: "text", id, value: "*" }, { click() { this.select(); } }) ]); const createAnchorButton = (text, eventHandlers) => ({ tag: "a", attrs: {}, classNames: ["btn", "btn-primary"], eventHandlers, children: [], textChildren: [text] }); const row = createRow([ ...["job-minute", "job-hour", "job-day", "job-month", "job-week"].map( createFormInputTextInCol ), createCol("col-md-2", [ createAnchorButton("Set", { click() { // TODO: define set_schedule // set_schedule(); } }) ]) ]); const toElement = node => { const element = $(`<${node.tag}>`); Object.keys(node.attrs).forEach(key => { element.attr(key, node.attrs[key]); }); element.addClass(node.classNames.join(" ")); Object.keys(node.eventHandlers).forEach(key => { element.on(key, function(...args) { node.eventHandlers[key].call(this, ...args); }); }); node.textChildren.map(text => document.createTextNode(text)).forEach(e => element.append(e)); node.children.map(toElement).forEach(e => element.append(e)); return element; }; $(document).ready(() => { const rowElement = toElement(row); $("#wrapper").html(rowElement); $("#outerHtml").text($("#wrapper").html()); }); 

 <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script> <link href="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.1.3/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet" integrity="sha384-MCw98/SFnGE8fJT3GXwEOngsV7Zt27NXFoaoApmYm81iuXoPkFOJwJ8ERdknLPMO" crossorigin="anonymous"> <h2>Generated HTML</h2> <pre id="outerHtml"></pre> <h2>Appended Element</h2> <div id="wrapper"></div>