三線程通訊與同步

Question

背景：我有三個主題。 ThreadA負責將元素寫入隊列，如果隊列已滿，則通知ThreadC從隊列中讀取元素。 ThreadB是另一個條件，如果隊列未滿，但是時間超過5秒，則Thread通知threadC從隊列中獲取元素，最后，ThreadC通知ThreadB刷新其時間戳。

import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

public class Main {
    private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    private Condition conA = lock.newCondition();
    private Condition conB = lock.newCondition();
    private Condition conC = lock.newCondition();

    ArrayBlockingQueue<Integer> readQueueA = new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(3);

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Main main1 = new Main();

        try {
            ThreadA threadWrite = main1.new ThreadA();
            Thread threadOut = new Thread(threadWrite);
            threadOut.start();

            ThreadB threadB = main1.new ThreadB();
            Thread threadBB = new Thread(threadB);
            threadBB.start();

            ThreadC threadRead = main1.new ThreadC();
            Thread threadIn = new Thread(threadRead);
            threadIn.start();
        } catch (Exception ex) {
            ex.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    class ThreadA implements Runnable {
        public void addElement(Integer i) {
            try {
                readQueueA.put(i);
            } catch (Exception ex ){
                ex.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

        @Override
        public void run() {
            int i = 0;
            while (i < 10) {
                lock.lock();
                try {
                    if (readQueueA.size() < 3) {
                        addElement(i++);
                    } else {
                        System.out.println("notice C: " + new Date());
                        conC.signal();
                        conA.await();
                    }
                } catch (Exception ex) {
                    ex.printStackTrace();
                } finally {
                    lock.unlock();
                }
            }
        }
    }

    class ThreadB implements Runnable {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            reSetStartTime();
            while (true) {
                lock.lock();
                try {
                    if (!conB.await(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS)) {
                        System.out.println("Timeout Zzzzzzz: " + new Date());
                        conC.signal();
                    } else {
                        System.out.println("RefreshB。。。。" + new Date());
                    }
                } catch (Exception ex) {
                    ex.printStackTrace();
                } finally {
                    lock.unlock();
                }
            }
        }
    }

    class ThreadC implements Runnable {
        public void printQueue(ArrayBlockingQueue<Integer> printQueue) {
            int len = printQueue.size();
            System.out.println("Queen Size :" + printQueue.size());
            for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
                System.out.print(printQueue.poll());
            }
            System.out.println();
        }

        @Override
        public void run() {
            while (true) {
                lock.lock();
                try {
                    System.out.println("I'm thread C " + new Date());
                    conC.await();
                    System.out.println("I'm thread C, and I wake up " + new Date());
                    if (readQueueA.size() > 0) {
                        System.out.print("OUTPUT: ");
                        printQueue(readQueueA);
                        conA.signal();
                        conB.signal();
                    } else {
                        System.out.println("No elements");
                    }
                } catch (Exception ex) {
                    ex.printStackTrace();
                } finally {
                    lock.unlock();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

輸出：

"C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_181\bin\java.exe" 
notice C: Fri Sep 21 10:07:35 CST 2018
I'm thread C Fri Sep 21 10:07:35 CST 2018
TimeOut Zzzzzzz: Fri Sep 21 10:07:40 CST 2018
I'm thread C, and I wake up Fri Sep 21 10:07:40 CST 2018
OUTPUT: Queen Size :3
012
I'm thread C Fri Sep 21 10:07:40 CST 2018
notice C: Fri Sep 21 10:07:40 CST 2018
RefreshB。。。。Fri Sep 21 10:07:40 CST 2018
I'm thread C, and I wake up Fri Sep 21 10:07:40 CST 2018
OUTPUT: Queen Size :3
345
I'm thread C Fri Sep 21 10:07:40 CST 2018
notice C: Fri Sep 21 10:07:40 CST 2018
RefreshB。。。。Fri Sep 21 10:07:40 CST 2018
I'm thread C, and I wake up Fri Sep 21 10:07:40 CST 2018
OUTPUT: Queen Size :3
678
I'm thread C Fri Sep 21 10:07:40 CST 2018
RefreshB。。。。Fri Sep 21 10:07:40 CST 2018
TimeOut Zzzzzzz: Fri Sep 21 10:07:45 CST 2018
I'm thread C, and I wake up Fri Sep 21 10:07:45 CST 2018
OUTPUT: Queen Size :1
9
I'm thread C Fri Sep 21 10:07:45 CST 2018
RefreshB。。。。Fri Sep 21 10:07:45 CST 2018
TimeOut Zzzzzzz: Fri Sep 21 10:07:50 CST 2018
I'm thread C, and I wake up Fri Sep 21 10:07:50 CST 2018
No elements
....

但是輸出不是我所期望的，為什么首先是ThreadB outPut TimeOut Zzz ？我認為應該不輸出該項目。 5s。有人可以幫我解釋或解決它嗎？ 感謝你！

預期：

notice C: Fri Sep 21 10:28:31 CST 2018
I'm thread C Fri Sep 21 10:28:**31** CST 2018
I'm thread C, and I wake up Fri Sep 21 10:28:31 CST 2018
OUTPUT: Queen Size :3
012
I'm thread C Fri Sep 21 10:28:31 CST 2018
notice C: Fri Sep 21 10:28:31 CST 2018
RefreshB。。。。Fri Sep 21 10:28:31 CST 2018           
...

Answer 1

這是在您發布的特定情況下發生的情況：A啟動，運行while循環，直到發出C信號並等待。 然后，C啟動並等待，從而出現問題。 在 C開始等待之前發出了一個信號，因此該信號呼叫丟失了，現在A和C都在等待。 所以在這一點上，控制台上是

通知C ...
我是線程C ...

現在，B啟動，並等待整整5秒鍾，因為沒有其他線程可發出信號。 這樣， conB.await(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS)返回false，它輸出Timeout Zzzzzzz: 然后向C發出信號。這就是為什么事情看起來Timeout Zzzzzzz:的原因，只有在另一個線程已經在等待時，信號才有效！

要解決此問題，請嘗試更改

conC.await();
System.out.println("I'm thread C, and I wake up " + new Date());

至

if (readQueueA.size() < 3) {
    conC.await();
    System.out.println("I'm thread C, and I wake up " + new Date());
}

這樣，如果等待條件已經滿足，C就不會等待。