[英]How to fix python-selenium error “connection refused” when initializing a selenium webdriver?
我在非公開網頁上運行非常復雜的python-selenium測試。 在大多數情況下，這些測試運行良好，但有時在webdriver自身初始化期間這些測試之一會失敗。
提示：嘗試初始化網絡驅動程序時，即執行以下操作時，會發生此錯誤：
# Start of the tests
mydriver = webdriver.Firefox(firefox_profile=profile, log_path=logfile)
# ERROR HAPPENS HERE
# Doing other stuff here
....
# Doing tests here
....
# Doing shutdown here
mydriver.quit()
這是此類錯誤的完整示例：
___________ ERROR at setup of TestSuite.test_synaptic_events_fitting ___________
> lambda: ihook(item=item, **kwds),
when=when,
)
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/flaky/flaky_pytest_plugin.py:273:
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
conftest.py:157: in basedriver
mydriver = firefox.get_driver(*args)
bsp_usecase_tests/tools/firefox.py:44: in get_driver
driver = webdriver.Firefox(firefox_profile=profile, log_path=logfile) #### INITIALIZING OF WEBDRIVER HERE
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/selenium/webdriver/firefox/webdriver.py:158: in __init__
keep_alive=True)
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/webdriver.py:154: in __init__
self.start_session(desired_capabilities, browser_profile)
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/webdriver.py:243: in start_session
response = self.execute(Command.NEW_SESSION, parameters)
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/webdriver.py:311: in execute
self.error_handler.check_response(response)
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
self = <selenium.webdriver.remote.errorhandler.ErrorHandler object at 0x7efd3b702f90>
response = {'status': 500, 'value': '{"value":{"error":"unknown error","message":"connection refused","stacktrace":"stack backtra...s::imp::thread::{{impl}}::new::thread_start\n at /checkout/src/libstd/sys/unix/thread.rs:84"}}'}
def check_response(self, response):
"""
Checks that a JSON response from the WebDriver does not have an error.
:Args:
- response - The JSON response from the WebDriver server as a dictionary
object.
:Raises: If the response contains an error message.
"""
status = response.get('status', None)
if status is None or status == ErrorCode.SUCCESS:
return
value = None
message = response.get("message", "")
screen = response.get("screen", "")
stacktrace = None
if isinstance(status, int):
value_json = response.get('value', None)
if value_json and isinstance(value_json, basestring):
import json
try:
value = json.loads(value_json)
if len(value.keys()) == 1:
value = value['value']
status = value.get('error', None)
if status is None:
status = value["status"]
message = value["value"]
if not isinstance(message, basestring):
value = message
message = message.get('message')
else:
message = value.get('message', None)
except ValueError:
pass
exception_class = ErrorInResponseException
if status in ErrorCode.NO_SUCH_ELEMENT:
exception_class = NoSuchElementException
elif status in ErrorCode.NO_SUCH_FRAME:
exception_class = NoSuchFrameException
elif status in ErrorCode.NO_SUCH_WINDOW:
exception_class = NoSuchWindowException
elif status in ErrorCode.STALE_ELEMENT_REFERENCE:
exception_class = StaleElementReferenceException
elif status in ErrorCode.ELEMENT_NOT_VISIBLE:
exception_class = ElementNotVisibleException
elif status in ErrorCode.INVALID_ELEMENT_STATE:
exception_class = InvalidElementStateException
elif status in ErrorCode.INVALID_SELECTOR \
or status in ErrorCode.INVALID_XPATH_SELECTOR \
or status in ErrorCode.INVALID_XPATH_SELECTOR_RETURN_TYPER:
exception_class = InvalidSelectorException
elif status in ErrorCode.ELEMENT_IS_NOT_SELECTABLE:
exception_class = ElementNotSelectableException
elif status in ErrorCode.ELEMENT_NOT_INTERACTABLE:
exception_class = ElementNotInteractableException
elif status in ErrorCode.INVALID_COOKIE_DOMAIN:
exception_class = InvalidCookieDomainException
elif status in ErrorCode.UNABLE_TO_SET_COOKIE:
exception_class = UnableToSetCookieException
elif status in ErrorCode.TIMEOUT:
exception_class = TimeoutException
elif status in ErrorCode.SCRIPT_TIMEOUT:
exception_class = TimeoutException
elif status in ErrorCode.UNKNOWN_ERROR:
exception_class = WebDriverException
elif status in ErrorCode.UNEXPECTED_ALERT_OPEN:
exception_class = UnexpectedAlertPresentException
elif status in ErrorCode.NO_ALERT_OPEN:
exception_class = NoAlertPresentException
elif status in ErrorCode.IME_NOT_AVAILABLE:
exception_class = ImeNotAvailableException
elif status in ErrorCode.IME_ENGINE_ACTIVATION_FAILED:
exception_class = ImeActivationFailedException
elif status in ErrorCode.MOVE_TARGET_OUT_OF_BOUNDS:
exception_class = MoveTargetOutOfBoundsException
elif status in ErrorCode.JAVASCRIPT_ERROR:
exception_class = JavascriptException
elif status in ErrorCode.SESSION_NOT_CREATED:
exception_class = SessionNotCreatedException
elif status in ErrorCode.INVALID_ARGUMENT:
exception_class = InvalidArgumentException
elif status in ErrorCode.NO_SUCH_COOKIE:
exception_class = NoSuchCookieException
elif status in ErrorCode.UNABLE_TO_CAPTURE_SCREEN:
exception_class = ScreenshotException
elif status in ErrorCode.ELEMENT_CLICK_INTERCEPTED:
exception_class = ElementClickInterceptedException
elif status in ErrorCode.INSECURE_CERTIFICATE:
exception_class = InsecureCertificateException
elif status in ErrorCode.INVALID_COORDINATES:
exception_class = InvalidCoordinatesException
elif status in ErrorCode.INVALID_SESSION_ID:
exception_class = InvalidSessionIdException
elif status in ErrorCode.UNKNOWN_METHOD:
exception_class = UnknownMethodException
else:
exception_class = WebDriverException
if value == '' or value is None:
value = response['value']
if isinstance(value, basestring):
if exception_class == ErrorInResponseException:
raise exception_class(response, value)
raise exception_class(value)
if message == "" and 'message' in value:
message = value['message']
screen = None
if 'screen' in value:
screen = value['screen']
stacktrace = None
if 'stackTrace' in value and value['stackTrace']:
stacktrace = []
try:
for frame in value['stackTrace']:
line = self._value_or_default(frame, 'lineNumber', '')
file = self._value_or_default(frame, 'fileName', '<anonymous>')
if line:
file = "%s:%s" % (file, line)
meth = self._value_or_default(frame, 'methodName', '<anonymous>')
if 'className' in frame:
meth = "%s.%s" % (frame['className'], meth)
msg = " at %s (%s)"
msg = msg % (meth, file)
stacktrace.append(msg)
except TypeError:
pass
if exception_class == ErrorInResponseException:
raise exception_class(response, message)
elif exception_class == UnexpectedAlertPresentException and 'alert' in value:
raise exception_class(message, screen, stacktrace, value['alert'].get('text'))
> raise exception_class(message, screen, stacktrace)
E WebDriverException: Message: connection refused
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/errorhandler.py:237: WebDriverException
這些測試作為docker容器內jenkins計划的一部分運行，以確保始終保持完全相同的環境。 以下是使用的軟件包及其版本的列表：
該錯誤大約在所有測試的1％中出現。 大約有15種不同的測試，並且錯誤似乎隨機出現（即，並非總是相同的測試）。
這是firefox / selenium / geckodriver中的錯誤嗎？ 有辦法解決這個問題嗎？
以下代碼段不是我正在使用的某些代碼 ！ 這只是解決上述問題的一種方法。 這也許是解決我原來的問題的好方法嗎？
while counter<5:
try:
webdriver = webdriver.Firefox(firefox_profile=profile, log_path=logfile)
break
except WebDriverException:
counter +=1
有一個更好的方法嗎？
此錯誤消息...
{'status': 500, 'value': '{"value":{"error":"unknown error","message":"connection refused","stacktrace":"stack backtra...s::imp::thread::{{impl}}::new::thread_start\n at /checkout/src/libstd/sys/unix/thread.rs:84"}}'}
...暗示GeckoDriver無法啟動/產生新的WebBrowsing會話，即Firefox瀏覽器會話。
在討論中的評論中， DELETE'/ session / {session id}'不再起作用， @ andreastt提到：
當最后一個窗口關閉時，geckodriver隱式結束（上一個）會話。 如果將
driver.quit()作為后續命令調用，它將失敗，因為該會話已被隱式刪除。在這些情況下，GeckoDriver應該檢測到在
driver.close()之后隱式關閉了會話，或者如果會話已經關閉，則忽略來自driver.quit()的響應。
在這種情況下，將生成以下跟蹤日志：
1505753594121 webdriver::server DEBUG Last window was closed, deleting session
1505753594121 webdriver::server DEBUG Deleting session
1505753594121 geckodriver::marionette DEBUG Stopping browser process
1505753594364 webdriver::server DEBUG <- 200 OK {"value": []}
1505753594523 webdriver::server DEBUG -> DELETE /session/a8312282-af00-4931-94d4-0d401abf01c9
1505753594524 webdriver::server DEBUG <- 500 Internal Server Error {"value":{"error":"session not created","message":"Tried to run command without establishing a connection","stacktrace":"stack backtrace:\n 0: 0x4f388c - backtrace::backtrace::trace::h736111741fa0878e\n 1: 0x4f38c2 - backtrace::capture::Backtrace::new::h63b8a5c0787510c9\n 2: 0x442c61 - webdriver::error::WebDriverError::new::hc4fe6a1ced4e57dd\n 3: 0x42a926 - <webdriver::server::Dispatcher<T, U>>::run::hba9181b5aacf8f04\n 4: 0x402c59 - std::sys_common::backtrace::__rust_begin_short_backtrace::h19de262639927233\n 5: 0x40c065 - std::panicking::try::do_call::h6c1659fc4d01af51\n 6: 0x5e38ec - panic_unwind::__rust_maybe_catch_panic\n at /checkout/src/libpanic_unwind/lib.rs:98\n 7: 0x420d32 - <F as alloc::boxed::FnBox<A>>::call_box::h953e5f59694972c5\n 8: 0x5dc00b - alloc::boxed::{{impl}}::call_once<(),()>\n at /checkout/src/liballoc/boxed.rs:661\n - std::sys_common::thread::start_thread\n at /checkout/src/libstd/sys_common/thread.rs:21\n - std::sys::imp::thread::{{impl}}::new::thread_start\n at /checkout/src/libstd/sys/unix/thread.rs:84"}}
1505753594533 webdriver::server DEBUG -> DELETE /session/a8312282-af00-4931-94d4-0d401abf01c9
1505753594542 webdriver::server DEBUG <- 500 Internal Server Error {"value":{"error":"session not created","message":"Tried to run command without establishing a connection","stacktrace":"stack backtrace:\n 0: 0x4f388c - backtrace::backtrace::trace::h736111741fa0878e\n 1: 0x4f38c2 - backtrace::capture::Backtrace::new::h63b8a5c0787510c9\n 2: 0x442c61 - webdriver::error::WebDriverError::new::hc4fe6a1ced4e57dd\n 3: 0x42a926 - <webdriver::server::Dispatcher<T, U>>::run::hba9181b5aacf8f04\n 4: 0x402c59 - std::sys_common::backtrace::__rust_begin_short_backtrace::h19de262639927233\n 5: 0x40c065 - std::panicking::try::do_call::h6c1659fc4d01af51\n 6: 0x5e38ec - panic_unwind::__rust_maybe_catch_panic\n at /checkout/src/libpanic_unwind/lib.rs:98\n 7: 0x420d32 - <F as alloc::boxed::FnBox<A>>::call_box::h953e5f59694972c5\n 8: 0x5dc00b - alloc::boxed::{{impl}}::call_once<(),()>\n at /checkout/src/liballoc/boxed.rs:661\n - std::sys_common::thread::start_thread\n at /checkout/src/libstd/sys_common/thread.rs:21\n - std::sys::imp::thread::{{impl}}::new::thread_start\n at /checkout/src/libstd/sys/unix/thread.rs:84"}}
1505753594549 webdriver::server DEBUG -> GET /shutdown
1505753594551 webdriver::server DEBUG <- 404 Not Found {"value":{"error":"unknown command","message":"GET /shutdown did not match a known command","stacktrace":"stack backtrace:\n 0: 0x4f388c - backtrace::backtrace::trace::h736111741fa0878e\n 1: 0x4f38c2 - backtrace::capture::Backtrace::new::h63b8a5c0787510c9\n 2: 0x442d88 - webdriver::error::WebDriverError::new::hea6d4dbf778b2b24\n 3: 0x43c65f - <webdriver::server::HttpHandler<U> as hyper::server::Handler>::handle::hd03629bd67672697\n 4: 0x403a04 - std::sys_common::backtrace::__rust_begin_short_backtrace::h32e6ff325c0d7f46\n 5: 0x40c036 - std::panicking::try::do_call::h5f902dc1eea01ffe\n 6: 0x5e38ec - panic_unwind::__rust_maybe_catch_panic\n at /checkout/src/libpanic_unwind/lib.rs:98\n 7: 0x4209a2 - <F as alloc::boxed::FnBox<A>>::call_box::h032bafb4b576d1cd\n 8: 0x5dc00b - alloc::boxed::{{impl}}::call_once<(),()>\n
盡管您看到的錯誤的錯誤代碼是“狀態”：500 ，而我提供的錯誤示例是404 Not Found ，顯然看起來有所不同，其核心原因類似於：
"message":"connection refused"
由於：
imp::thread::{{impl}}::new::thread_start
從：
/checkout/src/libstd/sys/unix/thread.rs:84
從另一個角度看，在使用GeckoDriver時 ， Selenium和Firefox確保二進制文件兼容，如下所示：
自從geckodriver 0.19.1可用以來， geckodriver二進制文件有了重大變化。 進行了一些更改：
Keep-Alive狀態，因為HTTP客戶端會解釋舊狀態代碼表示他們應該重復該請求。 Keep-Alive超時已增加到90秒。 {value: null}而不是空字典。 在某些系統配置中，如果
localhost解析為IPv6地址，則geckodriver會嘗試在錯誤的IP堆棧上連接到Firefox，從而導致連接嘗試在60秒后超時。 現在，我們確保geckodriver始終使用IPv4來連接Firefox和分配空閑端口。
通過更改使Firefox有足夠的時間在0.20.0中關閉，geckodriver開始無條件終止進程以獲取退出狀態。 這導致geckodriver不正確地將Firefox成功關閉報告為失敗。
Firefox具有集成的后台監視器，該監視器可在關機期間觀察長時間運行的線程。 如果掛起，這些線程將在63秒后被殺死。 為了允許Firefox自行關閉這些線程，geckodriver必須等待該時間和另外幾秒鍾。
tearDown(){}方法內調用driver.quit() ，以優雅地關閉和破壞WebDriver和Web Client實例。 Test 。 根據您粗略的問題更新，您可以引發一個多次嘗試循環，以初始化selenium webdriver實例，如下所示：
通過調用taskkill命令（ 特定於WindowsOS ），確保沒有懸空的geckodriver實例，如下所示：
os.system("taskkill /f /im geckodriver.exe /T") 通過調用kill()命令（ Cross platform ），確保沒有懸空的geckodriver實例，如下所示：
from selenium import webdriver import psutil from selenium.common.exceptions import WebDriverException for counter in range(5): try: webdriver = webdriver.Firefox(executable_path=r'C:\\Utility\\BrowserDrivers\\geckodriver.exe') print("WebDriver and WebBrowser initialized ...") break except WebDriverException: #Cross platform PROCNAME = "geckodriver" for proc in psutil.process_iter(): # check whether the process name matches if proc.name() == PROCNAME: proc.kill() print("Retrying ...") print("Out of loop ...")
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