將 csv 導入 r 時 a-hat 是什么意思（以及如何擺脫它）？

Question

我正在將一個 csv 導入到 r 中，並且在原始數據中不存在的地方到處都是 a-hats（一個帶有抑揚符/向上克拉的 a）。

有誰知道它們是什么以及如何擺脫它們？

這是@foc 建議我提供的 dput(head(df)) 結果：

 structure(list(V1 = c("", "Race3 and Hispanic Origin", "Whiteâ\200¦â\200¦â\200¦â\200¦â\200¦â\200¦â\200¦â\200¦â\200¦â\200¦â\200¦â\200¦â\200¦â\200¦â\200¦â\200¦", 
"   White, not Hispanicâ\200¦â\200¦â\200¦â\200¦â\200¦â\200¦â\200¦â\200¦â\200¦", 
"Blackâ\200¦â\200¦â\200¦â\200¦â\200¦â\200¦â\200¦â\200¦â\200¦â\200¦â\200¦â\200¦â\200¦â\200¦â\200¦â\200¦", 
"Asianâ\200¦â\200¦â\200¦â\200¦â\200¦â\200¦â\200¦â\200¦â\200¦â\200¦â\200¦â\200¦â\200¦â\200¦â\200¦â\200¦"
), V2 = c("", "", "245,985", "195,221", "41,962", "18,879"), 
    V3 = c("", "", "27,113", "17,263", "9,234", "1,908"), V4 = c("", 
    "", "547", "493", "388", "175"), V5 = c("", "", "11.0", "8.8", 
    "22.0", "10.1"), V6 = c("", "", "0.2", "0.3", "0.9", "0.9"
    ), V7 = c("", "", "247,272", "195,256", "42,474", "19,475"
    ), V8 = c("", "", "26,436", "16,993", "8,993", "1,953"), 
    V9 = c("", "", "714", "571", "373", "190"), V10 = c("", "", 
    "10.7", "8.7", "21.2", "10.0"), V11 = c("", "", "0.3", "0.3", 
    "0.9", "1.0"), V12 = c("", "", "-677", "-270", "-241", "45"
    ), V13 = c("", "", "*-0.3", "-0.1", "-0.8", "-0.1")), row.names = c(NA, 
6L), class = "data.frame")

Answer 1

不確定這是否是您想要的：

數據示例：

df <- structure(list(V1 = c("", "Race3 and Hispanic Origin", "Whiteâ\200¦â\200¦â\200¦â\200¦â\200¦â\200¦â\200¦â\200¦â\200¦â\200¦â\200¦â\200¦â\200¦â\200¦â\200¦â\200¦", 
                            "   White, not Hispanicâ\200¦â\200¦â\200¦â\200¦â\200¦â\200¦â\200¦â\200¦â\200¦", 
                            "Blackâ\200¦â\200¦â\200¦â\200¦â\200¦â\200¦â\200¦â\200¦â\200¦â\200¦â\200¦â\200¦â\200¦â\200¦â\200¦â\200¦", 
                            "Asianâ\200¦â\200¦â\200¦â\200¦â\200¦â\200¦â\200¦â\200¦â\200¦â\200¦â\200¦â\200¦â\200¦â\200¦â\200¦â\200¦"
), V2 = c("", "", "245,985", "195,221", "41,962", "18,879"), 
V3 = c("", "", "27,113", "17,263", "9,234", "1,908"), V4 = c("", 
                                                             "", "547", "493", "388", "175"), V5 = c("", "", "11.0", "8.8", 
                                                                                                     "22.0", "10.1"), V6 = c("", "", "0.2", "0.3", "0.9", "0.9"
                                                                                                     ), V7 = c("", "", "247,272", "195,256", "42,474", "19,475"
                                                                                                     ), V8 = c("", "", "26,436", "16,993", "8,993", "1,953"), 
V9 = c("", "", "714", "571", "373", "190"), V10 = c("", "", 
                                                    "10.7", "8.7", "21.2", "10.0"), V11 = c("", "", "0.3", "0.3", 
                                                                                            "0.9", "1.0"), V12 = c("", "", "-677", "-270", "-241", "45"
                                                                                            ), V13 = c("", "", "*-0.3", "-0.1", "-0.8", "-0.1")), row.names = c(NA, 
                                                                                                                                                                6L), class = "data.frame")

刪除字符：

df[] <- lapply(df, gsub, pattern='a€¦', replacement='')

結果：

df
                         V1      V2     V3  V4   V5  V6      V7     V8  V9  V10 V11  V12   V13
1                                                                                             
2 Race3 and Hispanic Origin                                                                   
3                     White 245,985 27,113 547 11.0 0.2 247,272 26,436 714 10.7 0.3 -677 *-0.3
4       White, not Hispanic 195,221 17,263 493  8.8 0.3 195,256 16,993 571  8.7 0.3 -270  -0.1
5                     Black  41,962  9,234 388 22.0 0.9  42,474  8,993 373 21.2 0.9 -241  -0.8
6                     Asian  18,879  1,908 175 10.1 0.9  19,475  1,953 190 10.0 1.0   45  -0.1