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Django Rest Framework-JSON發布請求ManyTomany字段問題

[英]Django Rest Framework - JSON Post Request ManyTomany field issue

TLDR; 使用Django Rest Framework,如何僅使用所述M2M字段的ID / PK對具有多對多關系字段的API資源進行POST(應用程序/ json內容)?

我目前正在為使用Django Rest Framework的大學項目建模應用程序。 以下模型代表了應用程序上的志願者(為了避免污染代碼,我隱藏了一些小細節)

class Volunteer(models.Model):

first_name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
last_name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
state = models.CharField(max_length=2, choices=STATE_CHOICES)
city = models.CharField(max_length=255)
gender = models.CharField(max_length=2, choices=GENDER_CHOICES, blank=True, null=True)
phone = models.CharField(max_length=13) 
email = models.EmailField(max_length=100)
description = models.TextField(max_length=500)  
photo = models.ImageField(null=True, blank=True)
created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
interest_areas = models.ManyToManyField(VolunteeringArea, blank=True)

class Meta:
    verbose_name_plural = "Volunteers"
    ordering = ("first_name", "last_name")

def __str__(self):
    return self.first_name + ' ' + self.last_name

def get_absolute_url(self):
    return reverse('volunteers:volunteer-detail', kwargs={'pk': self.id})

相應的序列化器如下所示:

class VolunteerSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):

    interest_areas = VolunteeringAreaSerializer(many=True)

    class Meta:
        model = Volunteer
        fields = ('id', 'first_name', 'last_name', 'phone', 'email', 'state', 'gender', 'interest_areas', 'city', 'description', 'photo')
        read_only_fields = ('created_at', )


    def to_representation(self, instance):
        representation = super(VolunteerSerializer, self).to_representation(instance)
        representation['interest_areas'] = VolunteeringAreaSerializer(instance.interest_areas.all(), many=True).data
        return representation 

您可能會注意到,每個志願者可能有許多感興趣的領域(許多領域)。 以下模型表示它:

class VolunteeringArea(models.Model):

    title = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    description = models.TextField(max_length=512)
    created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
    is_active = models.BooleanField(default=False)

    class Meta:
        verbose_name_plural = "VolunteeringAreas"

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title

    def slug(self):
        return slugify(self.title

)    

相應的序列化器是:

class VolunteeringAreaSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):

    class Meta:

        model = VolunteeringArea
        fields = ('id', 'title', 'description')
        read_only_fields = ('created_at', 'is_active') 

我的問題是,當嘗試通過提供有興趣的區域ID的POST(application / json)創建一個新的Volunteer時,我得到一個響應,說我應該提供一個dict,但是該應用程序卻接收到一個int。 我意識到該應用程序期望有一個來自dicted_area的所有字段的完整字典,但是我只想提供ID / PK,它將創建該對象。

我一直在互聯網上尋找時間,看來我應該先創建沒有interest_areas的對象,然后將其添加到該對象中。 我試圖在模塊的views.py上定義一個create方法(與框架定義的原始create方法相同),但是它似乎卡在serializer.is_valid()上,最有可能表明所提供的值在interested_area字段中無效。

def post(self, request, format=None):
    return self.create(request)


def create(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

    serializer = self.get_serializer(data=request.data)
    serializer.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
    self.perform_create(serializer)
    headers = self.get_success_headers(serializer.data)
    return Response(serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED, headers=headers)

def get_serializer(self, *args, **kwargs):

    serializer_class = self.get_serializer_class()
    kwargs['context'] = self.get_serializer_context()
    return serializer_class(*args, **kwargs)

我的錯誤是什么,我該如何做?

為了提供信息,這是使用Postman的請求的正文內容:

{
    "interest_areas": [0,1],
    "first_name":"NameOfThePerson",
    "last_name":"LastNameOfThePerson",
    "phone":"RandomCellphoneNumber",
    "email":"randomemail@randomemail.com",
    "gender":"Gender",
    "state":"State",
    "city":"City",
    "description":"randomDescription"
}

我在這里先向您的幫助表示感謝!

由於將VolunteeringAreaSerializer作為NestedSerialiser包括在內,因此出現了錯誤。 要僅對您的VolunteeringArea使用ID,請使用PrimaryKeyRelatedField和bulk_create這樣。

class VolunteerSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):

    interest_areas = serializers.PrimaryKeyRelatedField(many=True, 
                     queryset=models.VolunteeringArea.objects.all())


    class Meta:
        model = Volunteer
        fields = ('id', 'first_name', 'last_name', 'phone', 'email', 'state', 
              'gender', 'interest_areas', 'city', 'description', 'photo')

    def create(self, validated_data):
        areas = validated_data.pop('interest_areas', [])
        # create your volunteer here..
        #......
        ThroughModel = Volunteer.interest_areas.through
        # bulk-create through model instance fields
        ThroughModel.objects.bulk_create([
                ThroughModel(volunteer_id=<freshly_created_volunteer_id>, 
                         interest_area_id=area_id)
                        for area_id in areas
                      ])

        return volunteer

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