埃菲爾C編譯失敗：錯誤LNK2001：無法解析的外部符號

Question

我試圖熟悉Eiffel語言，所以我安裝了Eiffel Studio 18並創建了Graphics應用程序。 編譯失敗，並顯示以下消息：

Preparing C compilation using already configured msc C compiler...
ERROR: Cannot start "nmake".ERROR: Cannot start "nmake".

文檔建議espawn實用程序可能會顯示可用的工具鏈，但是似乎會崩潰：

PS C:\Program Files\Eiffel Software\EiffelStudio 18.07 GPL\tools\spec\win64\bin> & "C:\Program Files\Eiffel Software\EiffelStudio 18.07 GPL\tools\spec\win64\bin\espawn.exe" -l
Eiffel Environment Command Spawn Utility - Version: 18.07
Copyright Eiffel Software 1985-2018. All Rights Reserved.

Available C/C++ compilers:


espawn: system execution failed.
Following is the set of recorded exceptions:

******************************** Thread exception *****************************
In thread           Root thread            0x0 (thread id)
*******************************************************************************
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Class / Object      Routine                Nature of exception           Effect
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
APPLICATION         root's creation        Segmentation violation:
<000000000363C588>                         Operating system signal.      Exit
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
APPLICATION         root's creation
<000000000363C588>                         Routine failure.              Exit
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

不幸的是，除了那個espawn util之外，我找不到任何與工具鏈相關的東西，因此我嘗試從VS開發命令提示符啟動Eiffel Studio，希望它可能隱式依賴某些環境變量。 這確實有幫助，但是編譯仍然失敗，並顯示鏈接器錯誤：

Preparing C compilation using already configured msc C compiler...
big_file_C28_c.c
eoption.c
big_file_E2_c.c
big_file_C26_c.c
big_file_C27_c.c
big_file_C30_c.c
big_file_C29_c.c
big_file_C31_c.c
eref.c
epoly.c
esize.c
big_file_C25_c.c
big_file_C24_c.c
big_file_C23_c.c
big_file_C22_c.c
big_file_C21_c.c
big_file_C20_c.c
big_file_C19_c.c
eplug.c
eskelet.c
enames.c
evisib.c
big_file_C18_c.c
big_file_C17_c.c
big_file_C16_c.c
big_file_C15_c.c
big_file_C13_c.c
big_file_C14_c.c
ececil.c
big_file_C12_c.c
einit.c
eparents.c
big_file_C11_c.c
big_file_C10_c.c
big_file_C9_c.c
big_file_C8_c.c
big_file_C7_c.c
big_file_C6_c.c
big_file_C5_c.c
big_file_C4_c.c
big_file_C3_c.c
big_file_C2_c.c
big_file_C1_c.c
Скопировано файлов:         1.
emain.c
Microsoft (R) Windows (R) Resource Compiler Version 10.0.10011.16384
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation.  All rights reserved.

Microsoft (R) Incremental Linker Version 14.16.27024.1
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation.  All rights reserved.

-STACK:5000000 -NODEFAULTLIB:libc -STACK:5000000 -NODEFAULTLIB:libc -SUBSYSTEM:WINDOWS -OUT:my_wel_application_1.exe 
e1\emain.obj 
"C:\Program Files\Eiffel Software\EiffelStudio 18.07 GPL\studio\spec\win64\lib\msc\finalized.lib" "C:\Program Files\Eiffel Software\EiffelStudio 18.07 GPL\library\wel\spec\msc\win64\lib\wel.lib" 
USER32.lib WS2_32.lib ADVAPI32.lib GDI32.lib SHELL32.lib MSIMG32.lib COMDLG32.lib UUID.lib OLE32.lib OLEAUT32.lib COMCTL32.lib MPR.LIB SHLWAPI.LIB WINSPOOL.LIB 
my_wel_application_1.res 
E2\Eobj2.lib E1\eparents.obj E1\einit.obj E1\ececil.obj E1\evisib.obj 
E1\enames.obj E1\eskelet.obj E1\eplug.obj E1\esize.obj E1\epoly.obj 
E1\eref.obj E1\eoption.obj C31\Cobj31.lib C30\Cobj30.lib C29\Cobj29.lib 
C28\Cobj28.lib C27\Cobj27.lib C26\Cobj26.lib C25\Cobj25.lib C24\Cobj24.lib 
C23\Cobj23.lib C22\Cobj22.lib C21\Cobj21.lib C20\Cobj20.lib C19\Cobj19.lib 
C18\Cobj18.lib C17\Cobj17.lib C16\Cobj16.lib C15\Cobj15.lib C14\Cobj14.lib 
C13\Cobj13.lib C12\Cobj12.lib C11\Cobj11.lib C10\Cobj10.lib C9\Cobj9.lib 
C8\Cobj8.lib C7\Cobj7.lib C6\Cobj6.lib C5\Cobj5.lib C4\Cobj4.lib 
C3\Cobj3.lib C2\Cobj2.lib C1\Cobj1.lib 
finalized.lib(econsole.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol __iob_func
finalized.lib(console.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol __iob_func
finalized.lib(file.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol __iob_func
finalized.lib(main.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol __iob_func
finalized.lib(except.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol __iob_func
finalized.lib(sig.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol __iob_func
finalized.lib(option.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol __iob_func
finalized.lib(main.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol _set_output_format referenced in function eif_rtinit
finalized.lib(run_idr.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol sprintf
finalized.lib(except.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol sprintf
finalized.lib(out.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol sprintf
finalized.lib(file.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol sprintf
finalized.lib(store.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol sprintf
finalized.lib(econsole.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol vfprintf referenced in function print_err_msg
finalized.lib(file.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol fscanf referenced in function rt_swallow_nl
finalized.lib(retrieve.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol sscanf referenced in function iread_header_new
finalized.lib(run_idr.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol sscanf
my_wel_application_1.exe : fatal error LNK1120: 6 unresolved externals
NMAKE : fatal error U1077: '"C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.16.27023\bin\HostX64\x64\link.EXE"' : return code '0x460'
Stop.

Answer 1

從VS開發命令提示符運行時的編譯錯誤與C編譯器版本和使用的Eiffel運行時庫之間的不匹配有關。 在啟動編譯之前設置相應的環境變量應該可以解決此問題：

    set ISE_C_COMPILER=msc_vc140

至於原始錯誤，由於某些原因，由於EiffelStudio無法找到VS，因此在某些計算機上C編譯失敗。 該問題甚至已成為FAQ 。