課堂上有額外的鍵值對嗎？

Question

我是 python 的絕對初學者。 我想知道我是否可以在 Class() 中使用額外的鍵值對？

class Users():   
    def __init__(self, first_name, last_name, **others):    
        for key, value in others.items():   
            self.key = value     
        self.first = first_name    
        self.last = last_name     
    def describe_user(self):      
        print("The user's first name is " + self.first)     
        print("The user's last name is " + self.last)       
        for key, value in others.items():     
            print("The user's " + key + " is " + value)

user1 = Users('Joseph', 'Wilson', age = '18', location = 'California')  
print(user1.location)   
user1.describe_user()

錯誤：

 AttributeError: 'Users' object has no attribute 'location' NameError: name 'others' is not defined

Answer 1

代替

self.key = value

你想用

setattr(self, key, value)

設置屬性。

總之，你可以做這樣的事情：

class Users():
    def __init__(self, first_name, last_name, **others):
        for key, value in others.items():
            setattr(self, key, value)
        self.first = first_name
        self.last = last_name
    def describe_user(self):      
        for attribute in dir(self):
            if attribute.startswith("__"):
                continue
            value = getattr(self, attribute)
            if not isinstance(value, str):
                continue
            print("The user's " + attribute + " is " + value)

user1 = Users('Joseph', 'Wilson', age='18', location='California')  
print(user1.location)   
user1.describe_user()

您也可以輕松地使用dict來存儲信息。

class Users():
    def __init__(self, first_name, last_name, **others):
        self.data = dict()
        for key, value in others.items():
            self.data[key] = value
        self.data["first name"] = first_name
        self.data["last name"] = last_name
    def describe_user(self):      
        for key, value in self.data.items():
            print("The user's {} is {}".format(key, value))

user1 = Users('Joseph', 'Wilson', age=18, location='California')
print(user1.data["location"])
user1.describe_user()