Django：TemplateDoesNotExist 在 /catalog/ 錯誤

Question

我是 django 和 python 的初學者，目前我被困在創建我們的 Django 教程主頁。 我收到“TemplateDoesNotExist at error”錯誤。 我也在用窗戶。 我究竟做錯了什么？

設置.py：

import os
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
import os
SECRET_KEY = os.environ.get('DJANGO_SECRET_KEY', 'cg#p$g+j9tax!#a3cup@1$8obt2_+&k3q+pmu)5%asj6yjpkag')
DEBUG = os.environ.get('DJANGO_DEBUG', '') != 'False'
ALLOWED_HOSTS = []
INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'catalog.apps.CatalogConfig', 
]
MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]
ROOT_URLCONF = 'locallibrary.urls'
TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [
            os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates'),
            ],
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]
WSGI_APPLICATION = 'locallibrary.wsgi.application'
DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
        'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),
    }
}
AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
    },
]
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'
TIME_ZONE = 'America/Chicago'
USE_I18N = True
USE_L10N = True
USE_TZ = True
STATIC_URL = '/static/'

堆棧跟蹤：

TemplateDoesNotExist at /catalog/
index.html
Request Method: GET
Request URL:    http://127.0.0.1:8000/catalog/
Django Version: 2.1.5
Exception Type: TemplateDoesNotExist
Exception Value:    
index.html
Exception Location: C:\Users\AjitGoel\Envs\my_django_environment\lib\site-packages\django\template\loader.py in get_template, line 19
Python Executable:  C:\Users\AjitGoel\Envs\my_django_environment\Scripts\python.exe
Python Version: 3.7.2
Python Path:    
['C:\\Users\\AjitGoel\\django-projects\\locallibrary',
 'C:\\Users\\AjitGoel\\Envs\\my_django_environment\\Scripts\\python37.zip',
 'C:\\Users\\AjitGoel\\Envs\\my_django_environment\\DLLs',
 'C:\\Users\\AjitGoel\\Envs\\my_django_environment\\lib',
 'C:\\Users\\AjitGoel\\Envs\\my_django_environment\\Scripts',
 'c:\\users\\ajitgoel\\appdata\\local\\programs\\python\\python37\\Lib',
 'c:\\users\\ajitgoel\\appdata\\local\\programs\\python\\python37\\DLLs',
 'C:\\Users\\AjitGoel\\Envs\\my_django_environment',
 'C:\\Users\\AjitGoel\\Envs\\my_django_environment\\lib\\site-packages']
Server time:    Sun, 10 Feb 2019 23:21:43 -0600
Template-loader postmortem
Django tried loading these templates, in this order:

Using engine django:

django.template.loaders.filesystem.Loader: C:\Users\AjitGoel\django-projects\locallibrary\templates\index.html (Source does not exist)
django.template.loaders.app_directories.Loader: C:\Users\AjitGoel\Envs\my_django_environment\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\admin\templates\index.html (Source does not exist)
django.template.loaders.app_directories.Loader: C:\Users\AjitGoel\Envs\my_django_environment\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\auth\templates\index.html (Source does not exist)

base_generic.html：

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  {% block title %}<title>Local Library</title>{% endblock %}
  <meta charset="utf-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.1.3/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-MCw98/SFnGE8fJT3GXwEOngsV7Zt27NXFoaoApmYm81iuXoPkFOJwJ8ERdknLPMO" crossorigin="anonymous">
  <!-- Add additional CSS in static file -->
  {% load static %}
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static 'css/styles.css' %}">
</head>
<body>
  <div class="container-fluid">
    <div class="row">
      <div class="col-sm-2">
      {% block sidebar %}
        <ul class="sidebar-nav">
          <li><a href="{% url 'index' %}">Home</a></li>
          <li><a href="">All books</a></li>
          <li><a href="">All authors</a></li>
        </ul>
     {% endblock %}
      </div>
      <div class="col-sm-10 ">{% block content %}{% endblock %}</div>
    </div>
  </div>
</body>
</html>

視圖.py：

from django.shortcuts import render
from catalog.models import Book, Author, BookInstance, Genre

def index(request):
    # Generate counts of some of the main objects
    num_books = Book.objects.all().count()
    num_instances = BookInstance.objects.all().count()    
    # Available books (status = 'a')
    num_instances_available = BookInstance.objects.filter(status__exact='a').count()    
    # The 'all()' is implied by default.    
    num_authors = Author.objects.count()    
    context = {
        'num_books': num_books,
        'num_instances': num_instances,
        'num_instances_available': num_instances_available,
        'num_authors': num_authors,
    }
    # Render the HTML template index.html with the data in the context variable
    return render(request, 'index.html', context=context)

索引.html：

{% extends "base_generic.html" %}

{% block content %}
<h1>Local Library Home</h1>
<p>Welcome to LocalLibrary, a website developed by <em>Mozilla Developer Network</em>!</p>
<h2>Dynamic content</h2>
<p>The library has the following record counts:</p>
<ul>
    <li><strong>Books:</strong> {{ num_books }}</li>
    <li><strong>Copies:</strong> {{ num_instances }}</li>
    <li><strong>Copies available:</strong> {{ num_instances_available }}</li>
    <li><strong>Authors:</strong> {{ num_authors }}</li>
</ul>
{% endblock %}

Answer 1

如果您想將模板放置在應用程序級別，請遵循這樣的目錄結構

templates/<app_name>/your_template

然后在view.py像這樣使用 return render(request, '<app_name>/your_template', context=context)

如果要將模板放在根templates目錄中，請遵循以下結構

templates/<app_name>/your_template

然后在view.py像這樣使用

return render(request, '<app_name>/your_template', context=context)

Answer 2

os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')

通過這行代碼，您將添加模板應位於項目的根文件夾中。 在項目的根目錄中創建templates文件夾。

Answer 3

項目中的templates目錄，您應該像這樣在TEMPLATES_DIRS中的settings.py添加

TEMPLATE_DIRS = (
    os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "/localllibrary/templates"),
)

它的作用是在此處指定的目錄中查找您創建的模板，即index.html 。 如果您看到它是一個元組或可以是一個列表，那么您可以在此處添加多個目錄。 BASE_DIR是你的 django 項目的根，它是相對的而不是硬編碼的。

Answer 4

你的文件結構應該是這樣的：

myProject
  ├── myProject
  | ├── __init__.py
  | ├── settings.py
  | ├── urls.py
  | ├── wsgi.py
  ├── myApp
  | ├── static  <-- Static files can go here
  | | ├── myApp  <-- Create a folder with the same name as the app name, recommended but not required
  | | | ├── css
  | | | | ├── style.css
  | | | ├── js
  | | | | ├── some.js
  | ├── templates  <-- Templates can be here
  | | ├── myApp  <-- Create a folder with the same name as the app name, recommended but not required
  | | | ├── index.html
  | | | ├── other.html
  | ├── __init__.py
  | ├── models.py
  | ├── urls.py
  | ├── views.py
  ├── templates    <-- Templates can be here too
  | ├── sometemplate.html
  ├── static  <-- Static files can go here too
  | ├── css
  | | ├── somecss.css
  | ├── js

現在，如果您的模板/靜態文件位於項目根目錄的模板/靜態文件夾中，您可以輕松地將它們引用為someplace.html或css/somecss.css 。
如果它在您的應用程序中的模板文件夾中，則如下所示：

myApp --> templates --> myTemplate.html

然后你可以像這樣使用它： myTemplate.html 。 但建議在模板文件夾中創建另一個文件夾，其中包含應用程序名稱以避免混淆，如下所示：

myApp --> templates --> myApp --> myTemplate.html

現在，您將像這樣引用它： myApp/myTemplate.html ，它避免了混淆，因為您將知道來自哪個應用程序模板，還可以使用相同名稱的模板（例如index.html或base.html ) 在多個應用程序中。 靜態文件也是如此。