如何更改python程序以將輸出寫入文件？

Question

我使用了作為 GitHub pdfminer 包的一部分的“pdf2txt.py”程序來嘗試將 pdf 文件轉換為文本。根據說明，我通過在 Mac 中鍵入“python pdf2txt.py somefile.pdf”來運行該程序操作系統終端。輸出已正確生成並打印在終端本身中。 現在我的問題是，如何將此輸出定向到文本文件。我只知道 Python 的基本知識，我無法弄清楚程序中的哪一行實際打印輸出以及需要更改為直接的內容同樣放入 .txt 文件？

import argparse
import logging
import six
import sys
import pdfminer.settings
pdfminer.settings.STRICT = False
import pdfminer.high_level
import pdfminer.layout
from pdfminer.image import ImageWriter


def extract_text(files=[], outfile='-',
        _py2_no_more_posargs=None,  # Bloody Python2 needs a shim
        no_laparams=False, all_texts=None, detect_vertical=None, # LAParams
        word_margin=None, char_margin=None, line_margin=None, boxes_flow=None, # LAParams
        output_type='text', codec='utf-8', strip_control=False,
        maxpages=0, page_numbers=None, password="", scale=1.0, rotation=0,
        layoutmode='normal', output_dir=None, debug=False,
        disable_caching=False, **other):
if _py2_no_more_posargs is not None:
    raise ValueError("Too many positional arguments passed.")
if not files:
    raise ValueError("Must provide files to work upon!")

# If any LAParams group arguments were passed, create an LAParams object and
# populate with given args. Otherwise, set it to None.
if not no_laparams:
    laparams = pdfminer.layout.LAParams()
    for param in ("all_texts", "detect_vertical", "word_margin", "char_margin", "line_margin", "boxes_flow"):
        paramv = locals().get(param, None)
        if paramv is not None:
            setattr(laparams, param, paramv)
else:
    laparams = None

imagewriter = None
if output_dir:
    imagewriter = ImageWriter(output_dir)

if output_type == "text" and outfile != "-":
    for override, alttype in (  (".htm", "html"),
                                (".html", "html"),
                                (".xml", "xml"),
                                (".tag", "tag") ):
        if outfile.endswith(override):
            output_type = alttype

if outfile == "-":
    outfp = sys.stdout
    if outfp.encoding is not None:
        codec = 'utf-8'
else:
    outfp = open(outfile, "wb")


for fname in files:
    with open(fname, "rb") as fp:
        pdfminer.high_level.extract_text_to_fp(fp, **locals())
return outfp


def maketheparser():
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=__doc__, add_help=True)
parser.add_argument("files", type=str, default=None, nargs="+", help="File to process.")
parser.add_argument("-d", "--debug", default=False, action="store_true", help="Debug output.")
parser.add_argument("-p", "--pagenos", type=str, help="Comma-separated list of page numbers to parse. Included for legacy applications, use --page-numbers for more idiomatic argument entry.")
parser.add_argument("--page-numbers", type=int, default=None, nargs="+", help="Alternative to --pagenos with space-separated numbers; supercedes --pagenos where it is used.")
parser.add_argument("-m", "--maxpages", type=int, default=0, help="Maximum pages to parse")
parser.add_argument("-P", "--password", type=str, default="", help="Decryption password for PDF")
parser.add_argument("-o", "--outfile", type=str, default="-", help="Output file (default \"-\" is stdout)")
parser.add_argument("-t", "--output_type", type=str, default="text", help="Output type: text|html|xml|tag (default is text)")
parser.add_argument("-c", "--codec", type=str, default="utf-8", help="Text encoding")
parser.add_argument("-s", "--scale", type=float, default=1.0, help="Scale")
parser.add_argument("-A", "--all-texts", default=None, action="store_true", help="LAParams all texts")
parser.add_argument("-V", "--detect-vertical", default=None, action="store_true", help="LAParams detect vertical")
parser.add_argument("-W", "--word-margin", type=float, default=None, help="LAParams word margin")
parser.add_argument("-M", "--char-margin", type=float, default=None, help="LAParams char margin")
parser.add_argument("-L", "--line-margin", type=float, default=None, help="LAParams line margin")
parser.add_argument("-F", "--boxes-flow", type=float, default=None, help="LAParams boxes flow")
parser.add_argument("-Y", "--layoutmode", default="normal", type=str, help="HTML Layout Mode")
parser.add_argument("-n", "--no-laparams", default=False, action="store_true", help="Pass None as LAParams")
parser.add_argument("-R", "--rotation", default=0, type=int, help="Rotation")
parser.add_argument("-O", "--output-dir", default=None, help="Output directory for images")
parser.add_argument("-C", "--disable-caching", default=False, action="store_true", help="Disable caching")
parser.add_argument("-S", "--strip-control", default=False, action="store_true", help="Strip control in XML mode")
return parser


# main


def main(args=None):

P = maketheparser()
A = P.parse_args(args=args)

if A.page_numbers:
    A.page_numbers = set([x-1 for x in A.page_numbers])
if A.pagenos:
    A.page_numbers = set([int(x)-1 for x in A.pagenos.split(",")])

imagewriter = None
if A.output_dir:
    imagewriter = ImageWriter(A.output_dir)

if six.PY2 and sys.stdin.encoding:
    A.password = A.password.decode(sys.stdin.encoding)

if A.output_type == "text" and A.outfile != "-":
    for override, alttype in (  (".htm",  "html"),
                                (".html", "html"),
                                (".xml",  "xml" ),
                                (".tag",  "tag" ) ):
        if A.outfile.endswith(override):
            A.output_type = alttype

if A.outfile == "-":
    outfp = sys.stdout
    if outfp.encoding is not None:
        # Why ignore outfp.encoding? :-/ stupid cathal?
        A.codec = 'utf-8'
else:
    outfp = open(A.outfile, "wb")

## Test Code
outfp = extract_text(**vars(A))
outfp.close()
return 0


if __name__ == '__main__': sys.exit(main())

Answer 1

嘗試

python pdf2txt.py somefile.pd > pdf_text.txt

Answer 2

感謝大家的投入。 我加了一行

sys.stdout=open("somefile.txt","w")

就在這條線之前

outfp=sys.stdout.

像魅力一樣工作。