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在 Rust 的單鏈表中實現 .pop() 的更好方法是什么?

[英]What would be a better way to implement .pop() in my single linked list in Rust?

我已經在 Rust 中實現了我自己的單鏈表版本,這是我學習它的挑戰之一,除了 .pop() 方法之外,我對那里的所有東西都很滿意。 使用 2 while 循環非常丑陋且效率低下,但我發現沒有其他方法可以克服將索引處的節點 len() - 2 設置為 None(彈出列表),並使用來自索引處的節點的數據的問題len() - 1 表示 Some(data) 返回值(返回被彈出的元素)。

GitHub 鏈接

pub struct SimpleLinkedList<T> {
    head: Option<Box<Node<T>>>,
}

struct Node<T> {
    data: T,
    next: Option<Box<Node<T>>>,
}

impl<T> Default for SimpleLinkedList<T> {
    fn default() -> Self {
        SimpleLinkedList { head: None }
    }
}

impl<T: Copy> Clone for SimpleLinkedList<T> {
    fn clone(&self) -> SimpleLinkedList<T> {
        let mut out: SimpleLinkedList<T> = SimpleLinkedList::new();
        let mut cur = &self.head;
        while let Some(node) = cur {
            cur = &node.next;
            out.push(node.data)
        }
        out
    }
}

impl<T> SimpleLinkedList<T> {
    pub fn new() -> Self {
        Default::default()
    }

    pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
        let mut c = 0;
        let mut cur = &self.head;
        while let Some(node) = cur {
            cur = &node.next;
            c += 1;
        }
        c
    }

    pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
        self.len() == 0
    }

    pub fn push(&mut self, _element: T) {
        let mut cur = &mut self.head;
        match cur {
            Some(_) => {
                while let Some(node) = cur {
                    cur = &mut node.next;
                }
            }
            None => (),
        }
        *cur = Some(Box::from(Node {
            data: _element,
            next: None,
        }));
    }

    pub fn pop(&mut self) -> Option<T>
    where
        T: Copy,
    {
        let length = &self.len();
        let mut cur = &mut self.head;
        let mut out = None;
        match cur {
            Some(_) if *length > 1usize => {
                let mut c = 0usize;
                while let Some(node) = cur {
                    cur = &mut node.next;
                    if c >= length - 1 {
                        out = Some(node.data);
                        break;
                    }
                    c += 1;
                }

                c = 0usize;
                cur = &mut self.head;
                while let Some(node) = cur {
                    cur = &mut node.next;
                    if c == length - 2 {
                        break;
                    }
                    c += 1;
                }
            }
            Some(node) => out = Some(node.data),
            None => (),
        }
        *cur = None;
        out
    }

    pub fn peek(&self) -> Option<&T> {
        let cur = &self.head;
        match cur {
            Some(node) => Some(&node.data),
            None => None,
        }
    }
}

impl<T: Copy> SimpleLinkedList<T> {
    pub fn rev(&self) -> SimpleLinkedList<T> {
        let mut clone = self.clone();
        let mut out: SimpleLinkedList<T> = SimpleLinkedList::new();
        while let Some(val) = clone.pop() {
            out.push(val)
        }
        out
    }
}

impl<'a, T: Copy> From<&'a [T]> for SimpleLinkedList<T> {
    fn from(_item: &[T]) -> Self {
        let mut out: SimpleLinkedList<T> = SimpleLinkedList::new();
        for &e in _item.iter() {
            out.push(e);
        }
        out
    }
}

impl<T> Into<Vec<T>> for SimpleLinkedList<T> {
    fn into(self) -> Vec<T> {
        let mut out: Vec<T> = Vec::new();
        let mut cur = self.head;
        while let Some(node) = cur {
            cur = node.next;
            out.push(node.data)
        }
        out
    }
}

你可以通過跟蹤你看到的最后一個元素來避免重新遍歷列表(然后在最后更新它)。

如果你對如何做到這一點很天真,你就會遇到麻煩; 您的“前一個”指針保留列表其余部分的所有權,借用檢查器不允許這樣做。 訣竅是在您進行時斷開該鏈接 - 為此您可以使用mem::replace函數。 完成此操作后,您必須將其放回原處,以免再次失去對先前節點的跟蹤。

以下是完整的內容(您必須原諒我對unwrap自由使用 - 我確實認為它使事情更清晰):

pub fn pop(&mut self) -> Option<T>
    where T : Copy,
{
    use std::mem::replace;

    let curr = replace(&mut self.head, None);

    if curr.is_none() { // list started off empty; nothing to pop
        return None;
    }

    let mut curr = curr.unwrap(); // safe because of the check above

    if let None = curr.next { // popped the last element
        return Some(curr.data);
    }

    let mut prev_next = &mut self.head;

    while curr.next.is_some() {
        // Take ownership of the next element
        let nnext = replace(&mut curr.next, None).unwrap();

        // Update the previous element's "next" field
        *prev_next = Some(curr);

        // Progress to the next element
        curr = nnext;

        // Progress our pointer to the previous element's "next" field
        prev_next = &mut prev_next.as_mut().unwrap().next;

    }

    return Some(curr.data);
}

順便說一句,如果您願意稍微更改接口以便我們每次都返回一個“新”列表(在pop函數中獲得所有權),或者使用持久數據結構,那么所有這些指針混洗都會簡化很多,因為它們在學習 Rust 中使用太多的鏈表(已經在評論中提到):

pub fn pop_replace(self) -> (Option<T>, Self) {
    // freely mutate self and all the nodes
}

你會使用像:

let elem, list = list.pop();

靈感來自這里

fn pop(&mut self) -> Option<T> {
        let mut current: &mut Option<Box<Node<T>>> = &mut self.head;
        loop {
            // println!("curr: {:?}", current);
            match current {
                None => {
                    return None;
                }
                Some(node) if node.next.is_none() => {
                    let val = node.data;
                    *current = node.next.take();
                    return Some(val);
                }
                Some(ref mut node) => {
                    current = &mut node.next;
                }
            }
        }
    }

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