Python中文本文件的字典

Question

問題：

我有一個具有以下格式的txt文件：

Intestinal infectious diseases (001-003)  
001 Cholera  
002 Fever  
003 Salmonella   
Zoonotic bacterial diseases (020-022)  
020 Plague  
021 Tularemia  
022 Anthrax  
External Cause Status (E000)  
E000 External cause status  
Activity (E001-E002)  
E001 Activities involving x and y  
E002 Other activities

其中以3整數代碼/ E + 3整數代碼/ V + 3整數代碼開頭的每一行都是前面標頭的值，這是我字典的鍵。 在我看到的其他問題中，可以使用列或冒號來解析每一行以創建鍵/值對，但是txt文件的格式不允許我這樣做。

是否可以將這樣的txt文件制作成字典，其中鍵是組名，值是代碼+疾病名？

我還需要將代碼和疾病名稱解析為第二個字典，因此我最終得到了一個字典，其中包含組名作為關鍵字，值是第二個字典，代碼作為關鍵字，疾病名稱為值。

腳本：

def process_file(filename):
    myDict={}
        f = open(filename, 'r')
        for line in f:
            if line[0] is not int:
                if line.startswith("E"):
                    if line[1] is int:
                        line = dictionary1_values
                    else:
                        break
                else:
                    line = dictionary1_key
            myDict[dictionary1_key].append[line]

所需的輸出格式為：
{"Intestinal infectious diseases (001-003)": {"001": "Cholera", "002": "Fever", "003": "Salmonella"}, "Zoonotic bacterial diseases (020-022)": {"020": "Plague", "021": "Tularemia", "022": "Anthrax"}, "External Cause Status (E000)": {"E000": "External cause status"}, "Activity (E001-E002)": {"E001": "Activities involving x and y", "E002": "Other activities"}}

Answer 1

嘗試使用正則表達式確定它是標題還是疾病

import re
mydict = {}
with open(filename, "r") as f:
    header = None
    for line in f:
        match_desease = re.match(r"(E?\d\d\d) (.*)", line)
        if not match_desease:
            header = line
        else:
            code = match_desease.group(1)
            desease = match_desease.group(2)
            mydict[header][code] = desease

Answer 2

一種解決方案是使用正則表達式來幫助您表征和解析此文件中可能遇到的兩種類型的行：

import re
header_re = re.compile(r'([\w\s]+) \(([\w\s\-]+)\)')
entry_re = re.compile(r'([EV]?\d{3}) (.+)')

這使您可以非常輕松地檢查遇到的線型，並根據需要將其分開：

# Check if a line is a header:
header = header_re.match(line)
if header:
    header_name, header_codes = header.groups()  # e.g. ('Intestinal infectious diseases', '001-009')
    # Do whatever you need to do when you encounter a new group
    # ...
else:
    entry = entry_re.match(line)
    # If the line wasn't a header, it ought to be an entry,
    # otherwise we've encountered something we didn't expect
    assert entry is not None
    entry_number, entry_name = entry.groups()  # e.g. ('001', 'Cholera')
    # Do whatever you need to do when you encounter an entry in a group
    # ...

使用它來重新編寫您的函數，我們可以編寫以下代碼：

import re

def process_file(filename):
    header_re = re.compile(r'([\w\s]+) \(([\w\s\-]+)\)')
    entry_re = re.compile(r'([EV]?\d{3}) (.+)')

    all_groups = {}
    current_group = None

    with open(filename, 'r') as f:
        for line in f:
            # Check if a line is a header:
            header = header_re.match(line)
            if header:
                current_group = {}
                all_groups[header.group(0)] = current_group
            else:
                entry = entry_re.match(line)
                # If the line wasn't a header, it ought to be an entry,
                # otherwise we've encountered something we didn't expect
                assert entry is not None
                entry_number, entry_name = entry.groups()  # e.g. ('001', 'Cholera')

                current_group[entry_number] = entry_name

    return all_groups

Answer 3

def process_file(filename):
    myDict = {}
    rootkey = None
    f = open(filename, 'r')
    for line in f:
        if line[1:3].isdigit():           # if the second and third character from the checked string (line) is the ASCII Code in range 0x30..0x39 ("0".."9"), i.e.: str.isdigit()
            subkey, data = line.rstrip().split(" ",1)     # split into two parts... the first one is the number with or without "E" at begin
            myDict[rootkey][subkey] = data
        else:
            rootkey = line.rstrip()       # str.rstrip() is used to delete newlines (or another so called "empty spaces")
            myDict[rootkey] = {}          # prepare a new empty rootkey into your myDict
    f.close()
    return myDict

在Python控制台中進行測試：

>>> d = process_file('/tmp/file.txt')
>>>
>>> d['Intestinal infectious diseases (001-003)']
{'003': 'Salmonella', '002': 'Fever', '001': 'Cholera'}
>>> d['Intestinal infectious diseases (001-003)']['002']
'Fever'
>>> d['Activity (E001-E002)']
{'E001': 'Activities involving x and y', 'E002': 'Other activities'}
>>> d['Activity (E001-E002)']['E001']
'Activities involving x and y'
>>>
>>> d
{'Activity (E001-E002)': {'E001': 'Activities involving x and y', 'E002': 'Other activities'}, 'External Cause Status (E000)': {'E000': 'External cause status'}, 'Intestinal infectious diseases (001-003)': {'003': 'Salmonella', '002': 'Fever', '001': 'Cholera'}, 'Zoonotic bacterial diseases (020-022)': {'021': 'Tularemia', '020': 'Plague', '022': 'Anthrax'}}

警告：文件中的第一行必須只是“ rootkey”！ 不是“子鍵”或數據！ 否則可能是引發錯誤:-)

注意：也許您應該刪除第一個“ E”字符。 還是不能做到？ 您是否需要將此“ E”字符留在某處？