如何 SQL 查詢父子對象的特定 JSON 格式？

Question

我期待這個 JSON 用於我的 jQuery 代碼：

{
  "projects": [
    {
      "id": "1",
      "project_name": "Carmichael House",
      "parent_id": "0",
      "children": [
        {
          "id": "2",
          "project_name": "Carmichael Kitchen",
          "parent_id": "1"
        },
        {
          "id": "3",
          "project_name": "Carmichael Bathroom",
          "parent_id": "1"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "2",
      "project_name": "Dowd Apartment",
      "parent_id": "0",
      "children": [
        {
          "id": "4",
          "project_name": "Dowd Kitchen",
          "parent_id": "2"
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}

此數據將來自 MySql 表tbl_projects ：

id
project_name
parent_id

SQL SELECT查詢應該是什么，以便它輸出1 個平面表，該表可以輕松轉換為 JSON（在 PHP 或 JavaScript/jQuery 中）？

我什至以正確的方式接近這個嗎？

Answer 1

您可以直接從 MySQL 生成 JSON 內容。 這是一個適用於 MySQL 5.7 或更高版本的解決方案。

首先，考慮函數JSON_OBJECT() ，它為表中的每條記錄生成一個 JSON 對象：

SELECT 
    p.*, 
    JSON_OBJECT('id', id, 'project_name', project_name, 'parent_id', parent_id) js
FROM tbl_projects p;

鑒於您的樣本數據，這將返回：

| id  | project_name        | parent_id | js                                                               |
| --- | ------------------- | --------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------- |
| 1   | Carmichael House    | 0         | {"id": 1, "parent_id": 0, "project_name": "Carmichael House"}    |
| 2   | Carmichael Kitchen  | 1         | {"id": 2, "parent_id": 1, "project_name": "Carmichael Kitchen"}  |
| 3   | Carmichael Bathroom | 1         | {"id": 3, "parent_id": 1, "project_name": "Carmichael Bathroom"} |
| 4   | Dowd Apartment      | 0         | {"id": 4, "parent_id": 0, "project_name": "Dowd Apartment"}      |
| 5   | Dowd Kitchen        | 4         | {"id": 5, "parent_id": 4, "project_name": "Dowd Kitchen"}        |

要生成預期的輸出，我們必自強JOIN表了解孩子的記錄，並使用聚合函數JSON_ARRAYAGG()來生成內JSON陣列。 額外的聚合級別將所有內容填充到單個對象中。 如您的示例數據所示，我假設根項目的parent_id = 0並且只有一級層次結構：

SELECT JSON_OBJECT('projects', JSON_ARRAYAGG(js)) results
FROM (
    SELECT JSON_OBJECT(
        'id', p.id, 
        'project_name', p.project_name, 
        'parent_id', p.parent_id,
        'children', JSON_ARRAYAGG(
            JSON_OBJECT(
                'id', p1.id, 
                'project_name', p1.project_name, 
                'parent_id', p1.parent_id
            )
        )
    ) js
    FROM tbl_projects p
    LEFT JOIN tbl_projects p1 ON p.id = p1.parent_id
    WHERE p.parent_id = 0
    GROUP BY p.id, p.project_name, p.parent_id
) x

產量：

| results                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |
| -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| {"projects": [{"id": 1, "children": [{"id": 2, "parent_id": 1, "project_name": "Carmichael Kitchen"}, {"id": 3, "parent_id": 1, "project_name": "Carmichael Bathroom"}], "parent_id": 0, "project_name": "Carmichael House"}, {"id": 4, "children": [{"id": 5, "parent_id": 4, "project_name": "Dowd Kitchen"}], "parent_id": 0, "project_name": "Dowd Apartment"}]} |

DB Fiddle 上的演示