在Python中單擊帶有Selenium的下拉菜單

Question

我試圖通過單擊右上角的圖片來完成腳本，這將導致一個下拉菜單，其中有注銷按鈕。 我可以讓Selenium識別圖片，然后單擊圖片以顯示下拉菜單，但是我無法讓它單擊最后一個按鈕。

這是網站上我要單擊的注銷按鈕的代碼：

<a id="ctl00_ctl00_mainContent_MainHeader_HeaderSection_lnkLogout" href="javascript:__doPostBack('ctl00$ctl00$mainContent$MainHeader$HeaderSection$lnkLogout','')"><i class="fa fa-power-off  fa-fw"></i>
                                <span>Log Out</span> </a>

這是整個下拉列表的全部代碼。 看來這是我第一次沒有意識到的清單，但我記得讀過可以按數字選擇清單？

<div class="dropdown header-container user-actions-container open">

                        <a id="ctl00_ctl00_mainContent_MainHeader_HeaderSection_hypPicture" class="employee-picture" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-expanded="true"><span id="ctl00_ctl00_mainContent_MainHeader_HeaderSection_imgPicture" alternatetext="Employee Picture" imagealign="Top"><img class="img-rounded" src="https://share.striven.com//pimg/BA4FE360/Employee/thumb-b8598be5-5cd3-48c3-86ab-79fc9985b95e-07252018.jpg"></span></a>




                        <ul class="dropdown-menu dropdown-menu-right">

                                    <li>
                                        <a id="ctl00_ctl00_mainContent_MainHeader_HeaderSection_rptEmployeeActions_ctl00_lnkAction" href="/HR/Appointments/AppointmentsCalendar.aspx?nav=1"><i class="fa fa-calendar  fa-fw"></i>                                                           
                                          <span>Calendar</span>  

                                        </a></li>

                                    <li>
                                        <a id="ctl00_ctl00_mainContent_MainHeader_HeaderSection_rptEmployeeActions_ctl01_lnkAction" href="/Finance/Reimbursements/ReimbursementsMyReimbursements.aspx?nav=1"><i class="fa fa-money  fa-fw"></i>                                                           
                                          <span>Expenses</span>  

                                        </a></li>

                                    <li>
                                        <a id="ctl00_ctl00_mainContent_MainHeader_HeaderSection_rptEmployeeActions_ctl02_lnkAction" href="/HR/ReportBuilder/MyReports.aspx?nav=1"><i class="fa fa-bar-chart   fa-fw"></i>                                                           
                                          <span>Reports</span>  

                                        </a></li>

                                    <li>
                                        <a id="ctl00_ctl00_mainContent_MainHeader_HeaderSection_rptEmployeeActions_ctl03_lnkAction" href="/AssetManagement/MyAssets/DialogMyAssetList.aspx?nav=1"><i class="fa fa-book   fa-fw"></i>                                                           
                                          <span>Reserved Assets</span>  

                                        </a></li>

                                    <li>
                                        <a id="ctl00_ctl00_mainContent_MainHeader_HeaderSection_rptEmployeeActions_ctl04_lnkAction" href="/Collaboration/DialogMySubscriptions.aspx?nav=1"><i class="fa fa-envelope-o  fa-fw"></i>                                                           
                                          <span>Subscriptions</span>  

                                        </a></li>

                                    <li>
                                        <a id="ctl00_ctl00_mainContent_MainHeader_HeaderSection_rptEmployeeActions_ctl05_lnkAction" href="/HR/Timeoff/EmployeeTimeoff.aspx?nav=1"><i class="fa fa-calendar-times-o  fa-fw"></i>                                                           
                                          <span>Time Off</span>  

                                        </a></li>

                                    <li>
                                        <a id="ctl00_ctl00_mainContent_MainHeader_HeaderSection_rptEmployeeActions_ctl06_lnkAction" href="/HR/TimeAndMaterial/ManageTimeEntry.aspx?nav=1"><i class="fa fa-clock-o  fa-fw"></i>                                                           
                                          <span>Timesheet</span>  

                            <li>
                                <a id="ctl00_ctl00_mainContent_MainHeader_HeaderSection_lnkLogout" href="javascript:__doPostBack('ctl00$ctl00$mainContent$MainHeader$HeaderSection$lnkLogout','')"><i class="fa fa-power-off  fa-fw"></i>
                                <span>Log Out</span> </a></li>
                        </ul>
                </div>

我試圖模仿這段代碼，有人在這里幫我完成了幾乎相同的事情：

element = WebDriverWait(driver, 20).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "a.hub-content-item[id*='SearchExplorer'][actiontype='Secondary']>span")))

但它不會為我認出它。

Answer 1

你很近。 <span>標記不是直接子標記，因此您需要將>替換為空格字符，並且可以使用以下兩種定位策略之一 ：

• 使用CSS_SELECTOR ：

   WebDriverWait(driver, 20).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "a[id$='mainContent_MainHeader_HeaderSection_lnkLogout'] span"))).click() 

• 使用XPATH ：

   WebDriverWait(driver, 20).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.XPATH, "//a[contains(@id, 'mainContent_MainHeader_HeaderSection_lnkLogout')]//span[text()='Log Out']"))).click() 

• 注意 ：您必須添加以下導入：

   from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC