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使用貪婪算法進行圖形着色

[英]Graph Coloring with greedy algorithm

我正在嘗試在Java上為圖表着色。

例如,我有一個這樣的圖形:

一個例子

現在我想用顏色0(紅色),1(藍色)或2(綠色)填充垂直。 可能的結果之一是:

Vertex 1 ---> Color 1 
Vertex 2 ---> Color 1 
Vertex 3 ---> Color 2
Vertex 4 ---> Color 0
Vertex 5 ---> Color 0
Vertex 6 ---> Color 2

這是我的代碼,我發現使用貪婪算法為頂點着色

public class Graph {
            int V;
            int[] verticleColor;
            boolean[] colorAvailable;
            ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer> > adjList;

            Graph(int v) { 
                V = v; 
                adjList = new ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer> >(V); 
                for (int i = 0; i < V+1; i++) {
                    adjList.add(new ArrayList<Integer>()); 
                }
            } 

            public void add(int x, int y) { 
                adjList.get(x).add(y); 
                adjList.get(y).add(x); 
            }

            public void colorTheVerticle() {
                 verticleColor = new int[V]; 

                for (int a = 0; a < verticleColor.length; a++) {
                    if (a == 0) {
                        verticleColor[a] = 0;
                    } else {
                        verticleColor[a] = -1;
                    }
                }

                colorAvailable = new boolean[V]; 
                for (int b = 0; b < colorAvailable.length; b++) {
                    colorAvailable[b] = true;
                }



                for (int c = 1; c < V; c++) {
                    Iterator<Integer> it = adjList.get(c).iterator() ; 
                    while (it.hasNext()) { 
                        int i = it.next();
                        if (verticleColor[i-1] != -1)  {
                            colorAvailable[verticleColor[i]] = false; 
                        }
                    } 


                    int color; 
                    for (color = 0; color < V; color++){ 
                        if (colorAvailable[color]) {
                            break; 
                        }
                    } 

                    verticleColor[c] = color; 

                    for (int d = 0; d <  colorAvailable.length; d++) {
                        colorAvailable[d] = true;
                    } 
                } 

                for (int u = 1; u < V+1; u++) {
                    System.out.println("Vertex " + u + " ---> Color " + verticleColor[u-1]);
                }
}

問題是,我得到的結果與我希望的不同,即:

Vertex 1 ---> Color 0
Vertex 2 ---> Color 0
Vertex 3 ---> Color 0
Vertex 4 ---> Color 1
Vertex 5 ---> Color 0
Vertex 6 ---> Color 2

此外,更改方法的一點將得到ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException錯誤。

一點點解釋會有所幫助。

目前不使用Java,但我可以理解代碼。

代碼取決於2個事實

  1. 對於n個頂點的圖形,最多必須使用n種顏色。
  2. 循環遍歷每個頂點並根據未在相鄰頂點的顏色上使用的可用顏色列表分配可用顏色。

上述事實表明使用的貪婪算法最多將使用n種顏色但通常少於n種顏色(除非每個頂點彼此連接),盡管通常不是最佳的。

分析計算着色的方法:

初始化步驟

verticleColor = new int[V]; // initialise the colors assigned to each vertex to a list

for (int a = 0; a < verticleColor.length; a++) {
   if (a == 0) {
      verticleColor[a] = 0; // we can assign the first color to first vertex, no problem
   } else {
      verticleColor[a] = -1; // else for rest vertices, no assigned color yet
   }
}


colorAvailable = new boolean[V]; // initialise a list of available colors to assign to vertices, at most n
for (int b = 0; b < colorAvailable.length; b++) {
   colorAvailable[b] = true; // initially all colors are available for assignment
}

主計算循環

            for (int c = 1; c < V; c++) { // for all vertices, except first
                Iterator<Integer> it = adjList.get(c).iterator() ; // get iterator that loops through current vertex's adjacent vertices
                while (it.hasNext()) { 
                    int i = it.next(); // adjacent vertex
                    if (verticleColor[i-1] != -1)  { // if assigned color
                        colorAvailable[verticleColor[i]] = false; // this color is not available anymore
                    }
                } 


                int color; 
                for (color = 0; color < V; color++){ // loop through all colors
                    if (colorAvailable[color]) {
                        break; // find first available color, we can always find an available color since we have at most n possible colors
                    }
                } 
                /* effectively availableColors list holds the available and
                 used colors for each vertex and its adjacent/connected 
                 vertices, but we do not need to store multiple 
                 availableColors for each vertex, we can re-use same, no problem
                */
                verticleColor[c] = color; // color the vertex with this color

                // for next round, all colors are again available
                for (int d = 0; d <  colorAvailable.length; d++) {
                    colorAvailable[d] = true; // available color
                } 
            } 

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