[英]How can I load an UIImage into a SwiftUI Image asynchronously?
在 SwiftUI 中,有一些.init
方法可以創建圖像,但它們都不允許使用塊或任何其他方式從網絡/緩存加載 UIImage ......
我正在使用Kingfisher從網絡加載圖像並緩存在列表行中,但是在視圖中繪制圖像的方法是再次重新渲染它,我不想這樣做。 此外,我正在創建一個假圖像(僅彩色)作為占位符,同時獲取圖像。 另一種方法是將所有內容都包裝在自定義視圖中,並且僅重新渲染包裝器。 不過我還沒試過。
此示例現在正在運行。 任何改進當前的想法都會很棒
使用加載器的一些視圖
struct SampleView : View {
@ObjectBinding let imageLoader: ImageLoader
init(imageLoader: ImageLoader) {
self.imageLoader = imageLoader
}
var body: some View {
Image(uiImage: imageLoader.image(for: "https://url-for-image"))
.frame(width: 128, height: 128)
.aspectRatio(contentMode: ContentMode.fit)
}
}
import UIKit.UIImage
import SwiftUI
import Combine
import class Kingfisher.ImageDownloader
import struct Kingfisher.DownloadTask
import class Kingfisher.ImageCache
import class Kingfisher.KingfisherManager
class ImageLoader: BindableObject {
var didChange = PassthroughSubject<ImageLoader, Never>()
private let downloader: ImageDownloader
private let cache: ImageCache
private var image: UIImage? {
didSet {
dispatchqueue.async { [weak self] in
guard let self = self else { return }
self.didChange.send(self)
}
}
}
private var task: DownloadTask?
private let dispatchqueue: DispatchQueue
init(downloader: ImageDownloader = KingfisherManager.shared.downloader,
cache: ImageCache = KingfisherManager.shared.cache,
dispatchqueue: DispatchQueue = DispatchQueue.main) {
self.downloader = downloader
self.cache = cache
self.dispatchqueue = dispatchqueue
}
deinit {
task?.cancel()
}
func image(for url: URL?) -> UIImage {
guard let targetUrl = url else {
return UIImage.from(color: .gray)
}
guard let image = image else {
load(url: targetUrl)
return UIImage.from(color: .gray)
}
return image
}
private func load(url: URL) {
let key = url.absoluteString
if cache.isCached(forKey: key) {
cache.retrieveImage(forKey: key) { [weak self] (result) in
guard let self = self else { return }
switch result {
case .success(let value):
self.image = value.image
case .failure(let error):
print(error.localizedDescription)
}
}
} else {
downloader.downloadImage(with: url, options: nil, progressBlock: nil) { [weak self] (result) in
guard let self = self else { return }
switch result {
case .success(let value):
self.cache.storeToDisk(value.originalData, forKey: url.absoluteString)
self.image = value.image
case .failure(let error):
print(error.localizedDescription)
}
}
}
}
}
將您的模型傳遞給包含 url 的 ImageRow 結構。
import SwiftUI
import Combine
struct ContentView : View {
var listData: Post
var body: some View {
List(model.post) { post in
ImageRow(model: post) // Get image
}
}
}
/********************************************************************/
// Download Image
struct ImageRow: View {
let model: Post
var body: some View {
VStack(alignment: .center) {
ImageViewContainer(imageUrl: model.avatar_url)
}
}
}
struct ImageViewContainer: View {
@ObjectBinding var remoteImageURL: RemoteImageURL
init(imageUrl: String) {
remoteImageURL = RemoteImageURL(imageURL: imageUrl)
}
var body: some View {
Image(uiImage: UIImage(data: remoteImageURL.data) ?? UIImage())
.resizable()
.clipShape(Circle())
.overlay(Circle().stroke(Color.black, lineWidth: 3.0))
.frame(width: 70.0, height: 70.0)
}
}
class RemoteImageURL: BindableObject {
var didChange = PassthroughSubject<Data, Never>()
var data = Data() {
didSet {
didChange.send(data)
}
}
init(imageURL: String) {
guard let url = URL(string: imageURL) else { return }
URLSession.shared.dataTask(with: url) { (data, response, error) in
guard let data = data else { return }
DispatchQueue.main.async { self.data = data }
}.resume()
}
}
/********************************************************************/
在 SwiftUI 中加載圖像的一種更簡單、更清晰的方法是使用著名的 Kingfisher 庫。
Kingfisher
選擇文件 > Swift 包 > 添加包依賴。 進入https://github.com/onevcat/Kingfisher.git
在“選擇包存儲庫”對話框中。 在下一頁中,將版本解析規則指定為“Up to Next Major”,最早版本為“5.8.0”。
在 Xcode 檢出源代碼並解析版本后,您可以選擇“KingfisherSwiftUI”庫並將其添加到您的應用程序目標中。
import KingfisherSwiftUI
KFImage(myUrl)
完畢! 就這么簡單
從 iOS 15 開始,我們現在可以使用AsyncImage
:
AsyncImage(url: URL(string: "https://example.com/icon.png")) { image in
image.resizable()
} placeholder: {
ProgressView()
}
.frame(width: 50, height: 50)
這是一個支持緩存和多種加載狀態的原生 SwiftUI 解決方案:
import Combine
import SwiftUI
struct NetworkImage: View {
@StateObject private var viewModel = ViewModel()
let url: URL?
var body: some View {
Group {
if let data = viewModel.imageData, let uiImage = UIImage(data: data) {
Image(uiImage: uiImage)
.resizable()
.aspectRatio(contentMode: .fit)
} else if viewModel.isLoading {
ProgressView()
} else {
Image(systemName: "photo")
}
}
.onAppear {
viewModel.loadImage(from: url)
}
}
}
extension NetworkImage {
class ViewModel: ObservableObject {
@Published var imageData: Data?
@Published var isLoading = false
private static let cache = NSCache<NSURL, NSData>()
private var cancellables = Set<AnyCancellable>()
func loadImage(from url: URL?) {
isLoading = true
guard let url = url else {
isLoading = false
return
}
if let data = Self.cache.object(forKey: url as NSURL) {
imageData = data as Data
isLoading = false
return
}
URLSession.shared.dataTaskPublisher(for: url)
.map { $0.data }
.replaceError(with: nil)
.receive(on: DispatchQueue.main)
.sink { [weak self] in
if let data = $0 {
Self.cache.setObject(data as NSData, forKey: url as NSURL)
self?.imageData = data
}
self?.isLoading = false
}
.store(in: &cancellables)
}
}
}
(上面的代碼沒有使用任何第三方庫,因此可以很容易地以任何方式更改NetworkImage
。)
演示
import Combine
import SwiftUI
struct ContentView: View {
@State private var showImage = false
var body: some View {
if showImage {
NetworkImage(url: URL(string: "https://stackoverflow.design/assets/img/logos/so/logo-stackoverflow.png"))
.frame(maxHeight: 150)
.padding()
} else {
Button("Load") {
showImage = true
}
}
}
}
(我使用了一個特別大的 Stack Overflow 標志來顯示加載狀態。)
將imageLoader
定義為@ObjectBinding
:
@ObjectBinding private var imageLoader: ImageLoader
使用圖像的 url 初始化視圖會更有意義:
struct SampleView : View {
var imageUrl: URL
private var image: UIImage {
imageLoader.image(for: imageUrl)
}
@ObjectBinding private var imageLoader: ImageLoader
init(url: URL) {
self.imageUrl = url
self.imageLoader = ImageLoader()
}
var body: some View {
Image(uiImage: image)
.frame(width: 200, height: 300)
.aspectRatio(contentMode: ContentMode.fit)
}
}
例如 :
//Create a SampleView with an initial photo
var s = SampleView(url: URL(string: "https://placebear.com/200/300")!)
//You could then update the photo by changing the imageUrl
s.imageUrl = URL(string: "https://placebear.com/200/280")!
我只會使用onAppear
回調
import Foundation
import SwiftUI
import Combine
import UIKit
struct ImagePreviewModel {
var urlString : String
var width : CGFloat = 100.0
var height : CGFloat = 100.0
}
struct ImagePreview: View {
let viewModel: ImagePreviewModel
@State var initialImage = UIImage()
var body: some View {
Image(uiImage: initialImage)
.resizable()
.aspectRatio(contentMode: .fit)
.frame(width: self.width, height: self.height)
.onAppear {
guard let url = URL(string: self.viewModel.urlString) else { return }
URLSession.shared.dataTask(with: url) { (data, response, error) in
guard let data = data else { return }
guard let image = UIImage(data: data) else { return }
RunLoop.main.perform {
self.initialImage = image
}
}.resume()
}
}
var width: CGFloat { return max(viewModel.width, 100.0) }
var height: CGFloat { return max(viewModel.height, 100.0) }
}
import SwiftUI
struct UrlImageView: View {
@ObservedObject var urlImageModel: UrlImageModel
init(urlString: String?) {
urlImageModel = UrlImageModel(urlString: urlString)
}
var body: some View {
Image(uiImage: urlImageModel.image ?? UrlImageView.defaultImage!)
.resizable()
.scaledToFill()
}
static var defaultImage = UIImage(systemName: "photo")
}
class UrlImageModel: ObservableObject {
@Published var image: UIImage?
var urlString: String?
init(urlString: String?) {
self.urlString = urlString
loadImage()
}
func loadImage() {
loadImageFromUrl()
}
func loadImageFromUrl() {
guard let urlString = urlString else {
return
}
let url = URL(string: urlString)!
let task = URLSession.shared.dataTask(with: url, completionHandler:
getImageFromResponse(data:response:error:))
task.resume()
}
func getImageFromResponse(data: Data?, response: URLResponse?, error: Error?)
{
guard error == nil else {
print("Error: \(error!)")
return
}
guard let data = data else {
print("No data found")
return
}
DispatchQueue.main.async {
guard let loadedImage = UIImage(data: data) else {
return
}
self.image = loadedImage
}
}
}
並像這樣使用:
UrlImageView(urlString: "https://developer.apple.com/assets/elements/icons/swiftui/swiftui-96x96_2x.png").frame(width:100, height:100)
隨着 2021 年 iOS 15 和 macOS 12 的發布,SwiftUI 提供了原生的AsyncImage
視圖,可以異步加載圖像。 請記住,對於較早的操作系統版本,您仍然必須退回到自定義實現。
AsyncImage(url: URL(string: "https://example.com/tile.png"))
API 本身還提供了多種方式來自定義圖像或提供占位符,例如:
AsyncImage(url: URL(string: "https://example.com/tile.png")) { image in
image.resizable(resizingMode: .tile)
} placeholder: {
Color.green
}
更多內容請參閱Apple 開發人員文檔。
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