如何比較數組中的時間？

Question

我正在構建公交車到達時間應用程序。 它需要一個傳遞兩個參數的函數：用戶位於的當前停靠站，以及用戶想要到達的目標停靠站。 到達時間是硬編碼的，並且沒有任何“實時到達”時間。

我遇到的問題是嘗試比較時間並確定下一輛公共汽車何時到達。 時間存儲在數組中，無法更改。

例如，如果數組如下：[“ 08:00”，“ 23:00”，“ 01:00”，“ 04:00”]，並且也讓我們說當前時間是“ 16:00” ，該函數返回的時間為“ 23:00”。 簡單吧？ 我已經使用擴展類對此位進行了編碼，可以在我的Pastebin中找到它。

但是，當時間進入“第二天”時會出現問題，因此，如果時間是“ 00:00”，我不知道如何返回“ 01:00”，因為我的函數只會返回第一次在數組（“ 08:00”）中，因為“ 00:00”低於“ 08:00”。

import UIKit

// Replace the variable currentTime with a value of "00:00" and see how my function returns "08:17" which is wrong. I want the function to return "00:03" since it is the next time in the array. Or if the current time is "01:00" it should return "01:03". BUT, if the current time is "01:04" or greater, it should return the first time in the array "08:17"

// Hard coded bus arrival times
let array: [String] = ["08:17", "08:37", "08:57", "09:21", "09:51", "10:21", "10:51", "11:21", "11:51", "12:21", "12:51", "13:21", "13:51", "14:21", "14:51", "15:21", "15:51", "16:21", "16:51", "17:21", "17:51", "18:21", "18:51", "19:21", "19:51", "21:03", "22:03", "23:03", "00:03", "01:03"]

// Date object stuff
let dateFormatter = DateFormatter()
dateFormatter.dateFormat = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"
dateFormatter.timeZone = TimeZone(secondsFromGMT: 0)
let date = Date()
let calender = Calendar.current
let components = calender.dateComponents([.year, .month, .day, .hour, .minute, .second], from: date)
let year = components.year
let month = components.month
let day = components.day
let hour = components.hour
let minute = components.minute
let second = components.second

// Returns current time in a "HH:mm:ss" format
func getTimeString() -> String {
    var minuteAsString = String(minute!)

    if minute! < 10 {
        minuteAsString = "0\(String(minute!))"
    }

    let timeString = String(hour!) + ":" + minuteAsString
    return timeString
}

func getNextBus(_ currentStop: String,_ destinationStop: String) -> String {
    var listToUse: [String] = []
    let currentTime = getTimeString()
    print(currentTime)

    switch (currentStop, destinationStop) {
    case ("stop1", "stop2"):
        listToUse = array
    default: ()
    }
    print(listToUse)

    for busTime in listToUse {
        if currentTime < busTime {
            return busTime
        }
    }
    return "Error! No time found."
}

print(getNextBus("stop1", "stop2"))

// Time class which allows times to be compared and equated
class Time: Comparable, Equatable {
    init(_ date: Date) {
        //get the current calender
        let calendar = Calendar.current

        //get just the minute and the hour of the day passed to it
        let dateComponents = calendar.dateComponents([.hour, .minute], from: date)

        //calculate the seconds since the beggining of the day for comparisions
        let dateSeconds = dateComponents.hour! * 3600 + dateComponents.minute! * 60

        //set the varibles
        secondsSinceBeginningOfDay = dateSeconds
        hour = dateComponents.hour!
        minute = dateComponents.minute!
    }

    init(_ hour: Int, _ minute: Int) {
        //calculate the seconds since the beggining of the day for comparisions
        let dateSeconds = (hour * 3600 + minute * 60)

        //set the variables
        secondsSinceBeginningOfDay = dateSeconds
        self.hour = hour
        self.minute = minute
    }

    var hour : Int
    var minute: Int

    var date: Date {
        //get the current calender
        let calendar = Calendar.current

        //create a new date components.
        var dateComponents = DateComponents()

        dateComponents.hour = hour
        dateComponents.minute = minute

        return calendar.date(byAdding: dateComponents, to: Date())!
    }

    /// the number or seconds since the beginning of the day, this is used for comparisions
    public let secondsSinceBeginningOfDay: Int


    static func < (lhs: Time, rhs: Time) -> Bool {
        return lhs.secondsSinceBeginningOfDay < rhs.secondsSinceBeginningOfDay
    }

}```

Answer 1

假設我們有這個數組：

let array = ["08:00", "23:00", "01:00", "04:00"]

處理“公交時間”的一種更方便的方法是定義一個結構，如下所示：

struct BusTime: Comparable, CustomStringConvertible {
    let hour    : Int
    let minute  : Int

    static func < (lhs: BusTime, rhs: BusTime) -> Bool {
        return (lhs.hour, lhs.minute) < (rhs.hour, rhs.minute)
    }

    var description: String {
        get {
            let formatter = NumberFormatter()
            formatter.minimumIntegerDigits = 2
            return formatter.string(for: hour)! + ":" + formatter.string(for: minute)!
        }
    }
}

注意：在剩下的答案中，為簡潔起見，我將強制展開）

讓我們創建一個BusTime的排序數組：

let busTimes: [BusTime] = array.map { str in
    return BusTime(hour: Int(str.prefix(2))!, minute: Int(str.suffix(2))!)
}
var sortedBusTimes = busTimes.sorted()

我們還定義一個變量nextBus ，它代表下一個公交時間：

var nextBus: BusTime = sortedBusTimes[0]

現在，讓我們創建一個與當前日期相對應的時間：

let nowComps = Calendar.current.dateComponents([.hour, .minute], from: Date())
let now = BusTime(hour: nowComps.hour!, minute: nowComps.minute!)

通過二進制搜索，我們將能夠在O（log（n））中找到下一個公交車時間：

var low  = sortedBusTimes.startIndex
var high = sortedBusTimes.endIndex

while low < high {
    let middle = low + (high - low)/2      
    let middleTime = sortedBusTimes[middle]
    if middleTime == now {
        low = middle
        break
    } else if middleTime < now {
        low = middle + 1
    } else if now < middleTime {
        high = middle
    }
}

if low != sortedBusTimes.endIndex, high != 0 {
    nextBus = sortedBusTimes[low]
}

middle的定義可以這樣簡單：

let middle = low + (high - low)/2

但是，采取這種文章考慮。

最后，讓我們檢查一下：

print(nextBus)

在撰寫此答案時，它是17:52。 因此，在控制台中顯示的結果是：

23:00