Django - 同一表格上的多個自定義模型

Question

我正在使用 Django 2.1 和 PostgreSQL。 我的問題是我正在嘗試創建一個表單來同時編輯兩個不同的模型。 該模型與 FK 相關，我看到的每個示例都與用戶和配置文件模型有關，但是我無法復制我真正需要的東西。

我的模型簡化以顯示有關它們的相關信息是：

# base model for Campaigns.
class CampaignBase(models.Model):
    ....
    project = models.ForeignKey(Project, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    creation_date = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
    start_date = models.DateTimeField(null=True, blank=True)
    end_date = models.DateTimeField(null=True, blank=True)
    ....

# define investment campaign made on a project.
class InvestmentCampaign(models.Model):
    ....
    campaign = models.ForeignKey(CampaignBase, on_delete=models.CASCADE, null=True, blank=True)

    description = models.CharField(
        blank=True,
        max_length=25000,
    )
    ....

我要創建的表單是包含 FK CampaignBase的end_date和InvestmentCampaign的Description的表單。

現在我有這個UpdateView來編輯 InvestmentCampaign，我需要適應我的實際需要，也就是更新CampaignBase model：

class ProjectEditInvestmentCampaignView(LoginRequiredMixin, SuccessMessageMixin, generic.UpdateView):
    template_name = 'webplatform/project_edit_investment_campaign.html'
    model = InvestmentCampaign
    form_class = CreateInvestmentCampaignForm
    success_message = 'Investment campaign updated!'

    def get_success_url(self):
        return reverse_lazy('project-update-investment-campaign', args=(self.kwargs['project'], self.kwargs['pk']))

    # Make the view only available for the users with current fields
    def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        self.object = self.get_object()
        # here you can make your custom validation for any particular user
        if request.user != self.object.campaign.project.user:
            raise PermissionDenied()
        return super().dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)

    # Set field as current user
    def form_valid(self, form):
        campaign = InvestmentCampaign.objects.get(pk=self.kwargs['campaign'])
        form.instance.campaign = campaign
        form.instance.history_change_reason = 'Investment campaign updated'
        return super(ProjectEditInvestmentCampaignView, self).form_valid(form)

    def get_context_data(self, **kwargs):
        project = Project.objects.get(pk=self.kwargs['project'])
        context = super(ProjectEditInvestmentCampaignView, self).get_context_data(**kwargs)
        context['project'] = project
        return context

我的 forms 是：

class CreateCampaignBaseForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = CampaignBase
        fields = ('end_date',)
        widgets = {
            'end_date': DateTimePickerInput(),
        }

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        # first call parent's constructor
        super(CreateCampaignBaseForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        # evade all labels and help text to appear when using "as_crispy_tag"
        self.helper = FormHelper(self)
        self.helper.form_show_labels = False
        self.helper._help_text_inline = True


class CreateInvestmentCampaignForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = InvestmentCampaign
        fields = ('description')
        widgets = {
            'description': SummernoteWidget(attrs={'summernote': {
                'placeholder': 'Add some details of the Investment Campaign here...'}}),
        }

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        # first call parent's constructor
        super(CreateInvestmentCampaignForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        # evade all labels and help text to appear when using "as_crispy_tag"
        self.helper = FormHelper(self)
        self.helper.form_show_labels = False
        self.helper._help_text_inline = True

我到處讀到，最好的方法是使用基於 function 的視圖，並調用我擁有的每個 forms 然后進行驗證。 問題是我不知道如何在 forms 中使用正確的 object 填充字段，而且，我不知道如何執行與 get_context_data 等效的操作，也不知道如何使self的 ZDBC11CAA5BDA99F77E6FBEDDAB8 等效於get_success_url （因為基於 function 的視圖我只有請求屬性，所以我無法訪問 kwargs）。

我見過一些人使用django-betterforms ，但同樣，唯一的例子是 auth 和 profile 模型，我看不到用我自己的模型復制它的方法。

非常感謝。

Answer 1

如果您只想更改BaseCampaign上的一個字段end_date ，那么您應該只使用一種表單。 只需在CreateInvestmentCampaignForm和form.valid()方法中添加end_date作為附加字段（例如forms.DateTimeField() ），保存表單后，在相關活動上設置值：

def form_valid(self, form):
    inv_campaign = form.save(commit=False)
    inv_campaign.campaign.end_date = form.cleaned_data['end_date']
    inv_campaign.campaign.save()
    inv_campaign.history_change_reason = ...
    return super().form_valid(form)

以下是如何將end_date添加到表單並正確初始化它：

class CreateInvestmentCampaignForm(ModelForm):
    end_date = forms.DateTimeField(blank=True)

    class Meta:
        model = InvestmentCampaign
        fields = ('description')

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        if self.instance.campaign:
            self.fields['end_date'].initial = self.instance.campaign.end_date

Answer 2

根據關於@dirkgroten 答案的對話，我開發了對我有用的東西以及我實際使用的東西，但我將他的答案推銷為正確的，因為他的代碼也很實用。

因此，與此同時，他正在啟動表單上的值，我正在使用視圖通過添加def get_initial(self):並在def form_valid(self, form):上添加驗證來做到這一點：

在觀點上：

...

    def get_initial(self):
        """
        Returns the initial data to use for forms on this view.
        """
        initial = super(ProjectEditInvestmentCampaignView, self).get_initial()
        initial['end_date'] = self.object.campaign.end_date
        return initial
...
    # Set field as current user
    def form_valid(self, form):
        form.instance.history_change_reason = 'Investment campaign updated'
        is_valid = super(ProjectEditInvestmentCampaignView, self).form_valid(form)
        if is_valid:
            # the base campaign fields
            campaign = form.instance.campaign
            campaign.end_date = form.cleaned_data.get("end_date")
            campaign.save()
        return is_valid

在表單上，我剛剛添加了end_date字段：

class CreateInvestmentCampaignForm(forms.ModelForm):
    end_date = forms.DateTimeField()

    class Meta:
        model = InvestmentCampaign
        fields = ('description',)
        widgets = {
            'description': SummernoteWidget(attrs={'summernote': {
                'placeholder': 'Add some details of the Investment Campaign here...'}}),
            'end_date': DateTimePickerInput(),  # format='%d/%m/%Y %H:%M')

        }

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        # first call parent's constructor
        super(CreateInvestmentCampaignForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        # evade all labels and help text to appear when using "as_crispy_tag"
        self.helper = FormHelper(self)
        self.helper.form_show_labels = False
        self.helper._help_text_inline = True