Django test.py model object 實例僅限一次測試

Question

好吧，這很奇怪。 這是我的有效代碼：

測試.py

from django.test import TestCase
from django.urls import reverse, resolve
from django.utils import timezone
import datetime

from ..models import Realtor, Listing, Contact
from ..views import listing

from django.test import override_settings
from PIL import Image
from io import BytesIO
from django.core.files import File
import tempfile

def get_image_file(name='test.png', ext='png', size=(50, 50), color=(256, 0, 0)):
    file_obj = BytesIO()
    image = Image.new("RGB", size=size, color=color)
    image.save(file_obj, ext)
    file_obj.seek(0)
    return File(file_obj, name=name)

class RealestateListingViewTest(TestCase):
    @override_settings(MEDIA_ROOT=tempfile.TemporaryDirectory(prefix='mediatest').name)
    def setUp(self):
        image_file = get_image_file
        Realtor.objects.create(name='sample_realtor', photo=get_image_file())
        Listing.objects.create(title='listing_sample', address='sample', realtor=Realtor.objects.get(pk=1), city='sample', state='sample', zipcode='1234', price='555555', bedrooms='1', bathrooms='1', garage='1', sqft='123', lot_size='123', photo_main=get_image_file(), photo_1=get_image_file(), photo_2=get_image_file(), photo_3=get_image_file(), photo_4=get_image_file(), photo_5=get_image_file(), photo_6=get_image_file())
        url = reverse('btre:listing', kwargs={'listing_id': 1})
        self.response = self.client.get(url)

    def test_listing_status_code(self):
        self.assertEquals(self.response.status_code, 200)

上面的代碼有效，但每當我添加另一個測試時，比如：

    def test_listing_url_resolves_listing_view(self):
        view = resolve('/realestate/listing/1')
        self.assertEqual(view.func, listing)

我收到此錯誤：

======================================================================
ERROR: test_listing_url_resolves_listing_view (realestate.tests.test_view_listing.RealestateListingViewTest)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\Storm\Dev\btre_project\realestate\tests\test_view_listing.py", line 35, in setUp
    Listing.objects.create(title='listing_sample', address='sample', realtor=Realtor.objects.get(pk=1), city='sample', state='sample', zipcode='1234', price='555555', bedrooms='1', bathrooms='1', garage='1', sqft='123', lot_size='123', photo_main=get_image_file(), photo_1=get_image_file(), photo_2=get_image_file(), photo_3=get_image_file(), photo_4=get_image_file(), photo_5=get_image_file(), photo_6=get_image_file())
  File "C:\Users\Storm\Envs\btre\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\manager.py", line 82, in manager_method
    return getattr(self.get_queryset(), name)(*args, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\Storm\Envs\btre\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\query.py", line 408, in get
    self.model._meta.object_name
realestate.models.Realtor.DoesNotExist: Realtor matching query does not exist.

任何人都知道如何或為什么會發生這種情況？

另請注意，只要 TestCase class 中只存在一個測試，它就可以工作，這就是為什么它對我來說很奇怪。

我也嘗試過這種方法來創建圖像文件：

class RealestateListingViewTest(TestCase):
    @staticmethod
    def get_image_file(name='test.png', ext='png', size=(50, 50), color=(256, 0, 0)):
        file_obj = BytesIO()
        image = Image.new("RGB", size=size, color=color)
        image.save(file_obj, ext)
        file_obj.seek(0)
        return File(file_obj, name=name)

Answer 1

您還沒有顯示您正在測試的視圖，但推測 URL 中的1是 object 的 PK。

問題是雖然每次測試后數據庫都會被清除，但序列並沒有被重置。 所以第二次在setUp方法中創建一個item，它的PK就不會是1了。

您不應該依賴特定的 ID。 將創建的項目分配給變量並使用它：

    listing = Listing.objects.create(title='listing_sample', address='sample', realtor=Realtor.objects.get(pk=1), city='sample', state='sample', zipcode='1234', price='555555', bedrooms='1', bathrooms='1', garage='1', sqft='123', lot_size='123', photo_main=get_image_file(), photo_1=get_image_file(), photo_2=get_image_file(), photo_3=get_image_file(), photo_4=get_image_file(), photo_5=get_image_file(), photo_6=get_image_file())
    url = reverse('btre:listing', kwargs={'listing_id': listing.id})