Tkinter 滾動條僅適用於 create_window

Question

我有一個窗格窗口，在右側窗格中，我在畫布中有一個要滾動的框架。 只有當我調用畫布create_window函數時，我才能讓它滾動。 當我調用create_window一切正常，除了內容框架沒有展開並且我已將網格設置為sticky=nsew 。 在示例代碼中有一個名為 x 的變量，如果 x 設置為 1，則框架展開並且滾動條正確顯示但它們不起作用，如果設置為 0 滾動條工作但框架不展開。 如果 x 設置為 1 或 0，我需要滾動條工作。您需要調整窗口大小以查看此問題，請注意分隔符小部件會擴展以填充框架，但當 x 設置為時滾動條不會滾動任何內容1.

我就在那里我讓它工作 99% 只是一個小故障。 當窗口高度小於內容且窗口寬度大於內容時，分隔符小部件不會擴展以填充內容框架。 我更新了代碼並添加了背景顏色以突出顯示問題。

import tkinter as tk
import tkinter.ttk as ttk


lorem_ipsum = 'Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, luctus non. Litora viverra ligula'


class Scrollbar(ttk.Scrollbar):
    def __init__(self, parent, canvas, **kwargs):
        ttk.Scrollbar.__init__(self, parent, **kwargs)

        command = canvas.xview if kwargs.get('orient', tk.VERTICAL) == tk.HORIZONTAL else canvas.yview
        self.configure(command=command)

    def set(self, low, high):
        if float(low) > 0 or float(high) < 1:
            self.grid()
        else:
            self.grid_remove()

        ttk.Scrollbar.set(self, low, high)


class App(tk.Tk):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
        self.columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
        self.title('Paned Window Demo')
        self.geometry('420x200')

        style = ttk.Style()
        style.theme_use('clam')
        style.configure('TPanedwindow', background='black')

        pw = ttk.PanedWindow(self, orient=tk.HORIZONTAL)
        left_frame = ttk.Frame(pw)
        right_frame = ttk.Frame(pw)

        ttk.Label(left_frame, text='Left Pane').grid()
        left_frame.rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
        left_frame.columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
        left_frame.grid(sticky=tk.NSEW)

        right_frame.rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
        right_frame.columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
        right_frame.grid(sticky=tk.NSEW)

        pw.add(left_frame)
        pw.add(right_frame)
        pw.grid(sticky=tk.NSEW)

        canvas = tk.Canvas(right_frame, bg=style.lookup('TFrame', 'background'))
        canvas.frame = ttk.Frame(canvas)
        canvas.rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
        canvas.columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
        canvas.grid(sticky=tk.NSEW)
        canvas.frame.rowconfigure(990, weight=1)
        canvas.frame.columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
        canvas.frame.grid(sticky=tk.NSEW)

        content = tk.Frame(canvas.frame, bg='blue')
        content.rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
        content.columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
        content.grid(sticky=tk.NSEW)

        xscroll = Scrollbar(right_frame, canvas, orient=tk.HORIZONTAL)
        yscroll = Scrollbar(right_frame, canvas, orient=tk.VERTICAL)
        xscroll.grid(row=990, column=0, sticky=tk.EW)
        yscroll.grid(row=0, column=990, sticky=tk.NS)

        for idx in range(1, 11):
            tk.Label(content, bg='#aaaaaa', fg='#000000', text=f'{idx} {lorem_ipsum}').grid(sticky=tk.NW)

        ttk.Separator(content, orient=tk.HORIZONTAL).grid(pady=10, sticky=tk.EW)

        for idx in range(11, 21):
            tk.Label(content, bg='#aaaaaa', fg='#000000', text=f'{idx} {lorem_ipsum}').grid(sticky=tk.NW)

        self.window = canvas.create_window((0, 0), window=canvas.frame, anchor=tk.NW)

        self.update_idletasks()
        pw.sashpos(0, newpos=100)

        def update_canvas(event):
            content.update_idletasks()
            _, _, width, height = content.bbox(tk.ALL)

            if event.width < width or event.height < height:
                if not self.window:
                    self.window = canvas.create_window((0, 0), window=canvas.frame, anchor=tk.NW)
            else:
                self.window = None
                canvas.frame.grid(sticky=tk.NSEW)

        canvas.bind('<Configure>', update_canvas)

        canvas.configure(scrollregion=content.bbox(tk.ALL))
        canvas.configure(xscrollcommand=xscroll.set, yscrollcommand=yscroll.set)


def main():
    app = App()
    app.mainloop()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

Answer 1

滾動條僅與canvas.create_window()一起使用是完全正常的，因為這是在畫布內顯示小部件的適當方法，以便畫布知道小部件的大小。 否則，您只是將畫布用作框架。 但是， canvas.create_window()方法沒有sticky選項，因此您必須在畫布更改大小時手動更改小部件的寬度。

因此，在您的update_canvas回調中，如果畫布的寬度大於內容所需的寬度，則每次畫布更改寬度時都需要更改窗口的寬度：

    def update_canvas(event):
        # if the new canvas's width (event.width) is larger than the content's 
        # minimum width (content.winfo_reqwidth()) then make canvas.frame the 
        # same width as the canvas
        if event.width > content.winfo_reqwidth():
            canvas.itemconfigure(self.window, width=event.width)

此外，您的代碼中有一些無用的行，特別是您不必網格canvas.frame因為您使用canvas.create_window()顯示它，見下文：

class App(tk.Tk):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
        self.columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
        self.title('Paned Window Demo')
        self.geometry('420x200')

        style = ttk.Style()
        style.theme_use('clam')
        style.configure('TPanedwindow', background='black')

        pw = ttk.PanedWindow(self, orient=tk.HORIZONTAL)
        left_frame = ttk.Frame(pw)
        right_frame = ttk.Frame(pw)

        ttk.Label(left_frame, text='Left Pane').grid()
        left_frame.rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
        left_frame.columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
        left_frame.grid(sticky=tk.NSEW)

        right_frame.rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
        right_frame.columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
        right_frame.grid(sticky=tk.NSEW)

        pw.add(left_frame)
        pw.add(right_frame)
        pw.grid(sticky=tk.NSEW)

        canvas = tk.Canvas(right_frame, bg=style.lookup('TFrame', 'background'))
        canvas.frame = ttk.Frame(canvas)
#        canvas.rowconfigure(0, weight=1) -> useless since no widget will be gridded in the canvas
#        canvas.columnconfigure(0, weight=1) -> useless since no widget will be gridded in the canvas
        canvas.grid(sticky=tk.NSEW)
        canvas.frame.rowconfigure(990, weight=1)
        canvas.frame.columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
#        canvas.frame.grid(sticky=tk.NSEW) -> no need to grid canvas.frame since it is displayed it with canvas.create_window()
        content = tk.Frame(canvas.frame, bg='blue')
        content.rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
        content.columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
        content.grid(sticky=tk.NSEW)

        xscroll = Scrollbar(right_frame, canvas, orient=tk.HORIZONTAL)
        yscroll = Scrollbar(right_frame, canvas, orient=tk.VERTICAL)
        xscroll.grid(row=990, column=0, sticky=tk.EW)
        yscroll.grid(row=0, column=990, sticky=tk.NS)

        for idx in range(1, 11):
            tk.Label(content, bg='#aaaaaa', fg='#000000', text=f'{idx} {lorem_ipsum}').grid(sticky=tk.NW)

        ttk.Separator(content, orient=tk.HORIZONTAL).grid(pady=10, sticky=tk.EW)

        for idx in range(11, 21):
            tk.Label(content, bg='#aaaaaa', fg='#000000', text=f'{idx} {lorem_ipsum}').grid(sticky=tk.NW)

        self.window = canvas.create_window((0, 0), window=canvas.frame, anchor=tk.NW)

        self.update_idletasks()
        pw.sashpos(0, newpos=100)

        def update_canvas(event):
            # if the new canvas's width (event.width) is larger than the content's 
            # minimum width (content.winfo_reqwidth()) then make canvas.frame the 
            # same width as the canvas
            if event.width > content.winfo_reqwidth():
                canvas.itemconfigure(self.window, width=event.width)


        canvas.bind('<Configure>', update_canvas)

        canvas.configure(scrollregion=content.bbox(tk.ALL))
        canvas.configure(xscrollcommand=xscroll.set, yscrollcommand=yscroll.set)


def main():
    app = App()
    app.mainloop()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()