如何解決 Arduino 程序中的“無效類型操作數”？

Question

這是對兩個代碼的操縱。

首先，我通過 sms（arduino，gsm 模塊）發送從 gps 模塊找到的緯度和經度值，然后通過另一個代碼，我使用 http 協議（arduino+gps/gsm/gprs shield）將它發送到服務器中的 php 文件. 現在，當我合並兩個代碼時，它顯示如下錯誤：

Arduino: 1.8.10 (Windows 10), Board: "Arduino/Genuino Uno"

    C:\Users\rafez\OneDrive\Documents\Arduino\Hajji_Tracker\Hajji_Tracker.ino: In function 'void getGPSLocation()':

  Hajji_Tracker:58:29: error: invalid operands of types 'const char [12]' and 'char [16]' to binary 'operator+'

 Serial.println("Latitude  :"+latitude);

            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~

Hajji_Tracker:59:30: error: invalid operands of types 'const char [13]' and 'char [16]' to binary 'operator+'

 Serial.println("Longitude  :"+longitude);

            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~

C:\Users\rafez\OneDrive\Documents\Arduino\Hajji_Tracker\Hajji_Tracker.ino: In function 'void sendTabData(String, int, boolean)':

Hajji_Tracker:91:18: error: incompatible types in assignment of 'String' to 'char [16]'

 latitude = data[3];

              ^

Hajji_Tracker:92:18: error: incompatible types in assignment of 'String' to 'char [16]'

 longitude =data[4];

              ^

C:\Users\rafez\OneDrive\Documents\Arduino\Hajji_Tracker\Hajji_Tracker.ino:138:32: warning: invalid conversion from 'String*' to 'uint8_t {aka unsigned char}' [-fpermissive]

     serialSIM808.write(latitude);   // Add id to the url

                                ^

In file included from C:\Users\rafez\OneDrive\Documents\Arduino\Hajji_Tracker\Hajji_Tracker.ino:1:0:

C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\hardware\arduino\avr\libraries\SoftwareSerial\src/SoftwareSerial.h:102:18: note:   initializing argument 1 of 'virtual size_t SoftwareSerial::write(uint8_t)'

   virtual size_t write(uint8_t byte);

                  ^~~~~

C:\Users\rafez\OneDrive\Documents\Arduino\Hajji_Tracker\Hajji_Tracker.ino:144:33: warning: invalid conversion from 'String*' to 'uint8_t {aka unsigned char}' [-fpermissive]

     serialSIM808.write(longitude);   // Add value to url

                                 ^

In file included from C:\Users\rafez\OneDrive\Documents\Arduino\Hajji_Tracker\Hajji_Tracker.ino:1:0:

C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\hardware\arduino\avr\libraries\SoftwareSerial\src/SoftwareSerial.h:102:18: note:   initializing argument 1 of 'virtual size_t SoftwareSerial::write(uint8_t)'

   virtual size_t write(uint8_t byte);

                  ^~~~~

C:\Users\rafez\OneDrive\Documents\Arduino\Hajji_Tracker\Hajji_Tracker.ino: In function 'void loop()':

Hajji_Tracker:169:37: error: cannot convert 'char*' to 'String*' for argument '1' to 'void gsm_send_data(String*, String*)'

     gsm_send_data(latitude,longitude);

                                     ^

Multiple libraries were found for "SoftwareSerial.h"
 Used: C:\Program
exit status 1
invalid operands of types 'const char [12]' and 'char [16]' to binary 'operator+'

我嘗試了很多東西，但無法擺脫這些問題。 我怎樣才能讓我的代碼編譯？

這是我的代碼：

#include <SoftwareSerial.h>

SoftwareSerial serialSIM808(11, 10); //Arduino(RX=11), Arduino(TX=10) //you can replace these with any other pins
//Arduino(RX) to SIM808(TX)
//Arduino(TX) to SIM808(RX)
//Arduino(Gnd) to SIM808(Gnd)

  String data[5];
  #define DEBUG true
  String state,timegps;

  char latitude[16];// = "24";
  char longitude[16];// = "24";
  int numLatitude = 1,numLongitude = 100;



  void gsm_disConnect_gprs(){
  serialSIM808.write("AT+CGATT=0\r\n"); // Attach to GPRS
  delay(2000);
  Serial.println("GPRS off");
  }

void setup() {
  //Begin serial comunication with Arduino and Arduino IDE (Serial Monitor)
  Serial.begin(9600);
  while(!Serial);

  //Being serial communication witj Arduino and SIM808
  serialSIM808.begin(9600);
  delay(1000);

  Serial.println("Setup Complete!");
  delay(200);

  sendData("AT+CGNSPWR=1",1000,DEBUG);//Turn on GPS(GNSS - Global Navigation Satellite System)
  delay(200);
  sendData("AT+CGNSSEQ=RMC",1000,DEBUG);//configure GPS sequence mode to RMC
  delay(200);
  sendData("AT+CGPSSTATUS?",1000,DEBUG);//check if GPS status is either 2D or 3D fix location. You can use this AT command to check te GPS status manually using the serial monitor.


  getGPSLocation();

  serialSIM808.write("AT+CREG?\r\n");
  delay(150);
  gsm_connect_gprs();

}

void getGPSLocation()
{
//--------------------- send SMS containing google map location---------------------
sendTabData("AT+CGNSINF",1000,DEBUG);//Get GPS info(location
if (state !=0) {
Serial.println("State  :"+state);
Serial.println("Time  :"+timegps);
Serial.println("Latitude  :"+latitude);
Serial.println("Longitude  :"+longitude);
} else {
Serial.println("GPS Initializing… Items to check: Power supply 12v 2A; Antenna must be facing the sky and/or near the window; Power switch must be turned on.");
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
}


void sendTabData(String command , const int timeout , boolean debug){

serialSIM808.println(command);
long int time = millis();
int i = 0;

while((time+timeout) > millis()){
while(serialSIM808.available()){
char c = serialSIM808.read();
if (c != ',') {
data[i] +=c;
delay(100);
} else {
i++;
}
if (i == 5) {
delay(100);
goto exitL;
}
}
}exitL:
if (debug) {
state = data[1];
timegps = data[2];
latitude = data[3];
longitude =data[4];
memset(data,0,sizeof(data));
}
}


String sendData (String command , const int timeout ,boolean debug){
String response = "";
serialSIM808.println(command);
long int time = millis();
int i = 0;

while ( (time+timeout ) > millis()){
while (serialSIM808.available()){
char c = serialSIM808.read();
response +=c;
}
}
if (debug) {
Serial.print(response);
}
return response;
}


void gsm_connect_gprs(){
  serialSIM808.write("AT+CGATT=1\r\n"); // Attach to GPRS
  delay(2000);
  serialSIM808.write("AT+SAPBR=1,1\r\n"); // Open a GPRS context
  delay(2000);
  //serialSIM808.write("AT+SAPBER=2,1\r\n");  // To query the GPRS context
  //delay(2000);
  Serial.println("GPRS on");
}


void gsm_send_data(String * latitude,String * longitude)
{
    Serial.println("Sending data.");    
    serialSIM808.write("AT+HTTPINIT\r\n");  // Initialize HTTP
    //Serial.print("AT+HTTPINIT\r\n");
    delay(1000);
    serialSIM808.write("AT+HTTPPARA=\"URL\",\"http://499b.000webhostapp.com/?latitude=3&longitude=16\"\r\n"); // Send PARA command
    //serialSIM808.write("AT+HTTPPARA=\"URL\",\"http://shehanshaman.000webhostapp.com/?id=");
    //Serial.print("AT+HTTPPARA=\"URL\",\"http://shehanshaman.000webhostapp.com/?id=");
    delay(50);
    serialSIM808.write(latitude);   // Add id to the url
    //Serial.print(latitude);
    delay(50);
    serialSIM808.write("&longitude="); 
    //Serial.print("&longitude=");
    delay(50);
    serialSIM808.write(longitude);   // Add value to url
    //Serial.print(longitude);
    delay(50);
    serialSIM808.write("\"\r\n");   // close url

    //Serial.print("\"\r\n");
    delay(2000);
    serialSIM808.write("AT+HTTPPARA=\"CID\",1\r\n");    // End the PARA
    //Serial.print("AT+HTTPPARA=\"CID\",1\r\n");
    delay(2000);
    serialSIM808.write("AT+HTTPACTION=0\r\n");
    //Serial.print("AT+HTTPACTION=0\r\n");
    delay(3000);    
    serialSIM808.write("AT+HTTPTERM\r\n");
    //Serial.print("AT+HTTPTERM\r\n");
    //Serial.println();
    delay(3000);    
    Serial.print("data sent complete : ");
}

void loop() {
  //Read SIM808 output (if available) and print it in Arduino IDE Serial Monitor
  if(numLatitude<5){
    itoa(numLatitude, latitude, 10);
    itoa(numLongitude,longitude, 10);
    gsm_send_data(latitude,longitude);
    Serial.print(numLatitude);
    Serial.print(" >> ");
    Serial.print(numLongitude);
    Serial.println();
    delay(2000);
    numLatitude++;
    numLongitude+=45;
    if(numLatitude==5) gsm_disConnect_gprs();
  }

}

Answer 1

請注意String和char 數組之間的區別。

+ 運算符沒有為字符串和字符數組定義。

請改用兩個 String 對象。