嘗試使用 Python 3 解析 XML 文件

Question

希望大家能幫幫我。 我對python比較陌生。 我有我需要在 powershell 中工作的東西，但是通過 powershell 對象訪問 XML 元素似乎比 Python 容易得多。 在powershell中，我可以簡單地做

[xml]$test = Get-Content .\test.xml

然后遍歷對象以找到我需要的信息。 完全公開，雖然 XML 看起來很容易，但我被行話絆倒了。 這是 XML 文件的一個小版本

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!--DISA STIG Viewer :: 2.9-->
<CHECKLIST>
    <ASSET>
        <ROLE>None</ROLE>
        <ASSET_TYPE>Computing</ASSET_TYPE>
        <HOST_NAME></HOST_NAME>
        <HOST_IP></HOST_IP>
        <HOST_MAC></HOST_MAC>
        <HOST_FQDN></HOST_FQDN>
        <TECH_AREA></TECH_AREA>
        <TARGET_KEY>2266</TARGET_KEY>
        <WEB_OR_DATABASE>false</WEB_OR_DATABASE>
        <WEB_DB_SITE></WEB_DB_SITE>
        <WEB_DB_INSTANCE></WEB_DB_INSTANCE>
    </ASSET>
    <STIGS>
        <iSTIG>
            <STIG_INFO>
                <SI_DATA>
                    <SID_NAME>version</SID_NAME>
                    <SID_DATA>5</SID_DATA>
                </SI_DATA>
                <SI_DATA>
                    <SID_NAME>classification</SID_NAME>
                    <SID_DATA>UNCLASSIFIED</SID_DATA>
                </SI_DATA>
                <SI_DATA>
                    <SID_NAME>customname</SID_NAME>
                </SI_DATA>
                <SI_DATA>
                    <SID_NAME>stigid</SID_NAME>
                    <SID_DATA>McAfee_VirusScan88_Managed_Client</SID_DATA>
                </SI_DATA>
                <SI_DATA>
                    <SID_NAME>description</SID_NAME>
                    <SID_DATA>The McAfee VirusScan Managed Client STIG is published as a tool to improve the security of Department of Defense (DoD) information systems. The requirements are derived from the NIST 800-53 and related documents. Comments or proposed revisions to this document should be sent via e-mail to the following address: disa.stig_spt@mail.mil.</SID_DATA>
                </SI_DATA>
                <SI_DATA>
                    <SID_NAME>filename</SID_NAME>
                    <SID_DATA>U_McAfee_VirusScan88_Managed_Client_STIG_V5R21_Manual-xccdf.xml</SID_DATA>
                </SI_DATA>
                <SI_DATA>
                    <SID_NAME>releaseinfo</SID_NAME>
                    <SID_DATA>Release: 21 Benchmark Date: 25 Oct 2019</SID_DATA>
                </SI_DATA>
                <SI_DATA>
                    <SID_NAME>title</SID_NAME>
                    <SID_DATA>McAfee VirusScan 8.8 Managed Client STIG</SID_DATA>
                </SI_DATA>
                <SI_DATA>
                    <SID_NAME>uuid</SID_NAME>
                    <SID_DATA>1a441b95-b269-4423-8a40-a34f56441f5a</SID_DATA>
                </SI_DATA>
                <SI_DATA>
                    <SID_NAME>notice</SID_NAME>
                    <SID_DATA>terms-of-use</SID_DATA>
                </SI_DATA>
                <SI_DATA>
                    <SID_NAME>source</SID_NAME>
                </SI_DATA>
            </STIG_INFO>
            <VULN>
                <STIG_DATA>
                    <VULN_ATTRIBUTE>Vuln_Num</VULN_ATTRIBUTE>
                    <ATTRIBUTE_DATA>V-6453</ATTRIBUTE_DATA>
                </STIG_DATA>
                <STIG_DATA>
                    <VULN_ATTRIBUTE>Severity</VULN_ATTRIBUTE>
                    <ATTRIBUTE_DATA>high</ATTRIBUTE_DATA>
                </STIG_DATA>
                <STIG_DATA>
                    <VULN_ATTRIBUTE>Group_Title</VULN_ATTRIBUTE>
                    <ATTRIBUTE_DATA>DTAM001-McAfee VirusScan Control Panel </ATTRIBUTE_DATA>
                </STIG_DATA>
                <STIG_DATA>
                    <VULN_ATTRIBUTE>Rule_ID</VULN_ATTRIBUTE>
                    <ATTRIBUTE_DATA>SV-55134r1_rule</ATTRIBUTE_DATA>
                </STIG_DATA>
                <STIG_DATA>
                    <VULN_ATTRIBUTE>Rule_Ver</VULN_ATTRIBUTE>
                    <ATTRIBUTE_DATA>DTAM001</ATTRIBUTE_DATA>
                </STIG_DATA>
                <STIG_DATA>
                    <VULN_ATTRIBUTE>Rule_Title</VULN_ATTRIBUTE>
                    <ATTRIBUTE_DATA>McAfee VirusScan On-Access General Policies must be configured to enable on-access scanning at system startup.
</ATTRIBUTE_DATA>
                </STIG_DATA>
                <STIG_DATA>
                    <VULN_ATTRIBUTE>Vuln_Discuss</VULN_ATTRIBUTE>
                    <ATTRIBUTE_DATA>For antivirus software to be effective, it must be running at all times, beginning from the point of the system's initial startup. Otherwise, the risk is greater for viruses, trojans, and other malware infecting the system during that startup phase.
</ATTRIBUTE_DATA>
                </STIG_DATA>
                <STIG_DATA>
                    <VULN_ATTRIBUTE>IA_Controls</VULN_ATTRIBUTE>
                    <ATTRIBUTE_DATA></ATTRIBUTE_DATA>
                </STIG_DATA>
                <STIG_DATA>
                    <VULN_ATTRIBUTE>Check_Content</VULN_ATTRIBUTE>
                    <ATTRIBUTE_DATA>From the ePO server console System Tree, select the Systems tab, select the asset to be checked, select Actions, select Agent, and select Modify Policies on a Single System. From the product pull down list, select VirusScan Enterprise 8.8.0. Select from the Policy column the policy associated with the On-Access General Policies. Under the General tab, locate the "Enable on-access scanning:" label. Ensure the "Enable on-access scanning at system startup" option is selected.

Criteria:  If the "Enable on-access scanning at startup" option is selected, this is not a finding. 

On the client machine, use the Windows Registry Editor to navigate to the following key:
HKLM\Software\McAfee\ (32-bit)
HKLM\Software\Wow6432Node\McAfee\ (64-bit)
SystemCore\VSCore\On Access Scanner\McShield\Configuration

Criteria:  If the value of bStartDisabled is 0, this is not a finding. If the value is 1, this is a finding.</ATTRIBUTE_DATA>
                </STIG_DATA>
                <STIG_DATA>
                    <VULN_ATTRIBUTE>Fix_Text</VULN_ATTRIBUTE>
                    <ATTRIBUTE_DATA>From the ePO server console System Tree, select the Systems tab, select the asset to be checked, select Actions, select Agent, and select Modify Policies on a Single System. From the product pull down list, select VirusScan Enterprise 8.8.0. Select from the Policy column the policy associated with the On-Access General Policies. Under the General tab, locate the "Enable on-access scanning:" label. Select the "Enable on-access scanning at system startup" option. Select Save.</ATTRIBUTE_DATA>
                </STIG_DATA>
                <STIG_DATA>
                    <VULN_ATTRIBUTE>False_Positives</VULN_ATTRIBUTE>
                    <ATTRIBUTE_DATA></ATTRIBUTE_DATA>
                </STIG_DATA>
                <STIG_DATA>
                    <VULN_ATTRIBUTE>False_Negatives</VULN_ATTRIBUTE>
                    <ATTRIBUTE_DATA></ATTRIBUTE_DATA>
                </STIG_DATA>
                <STIG_DATA>
                    <VULN_ATTRIBUTE>Documentable</VULN_ATTRIBUTE>
                    <ATTRIBUTE_DATA>false</ATTRIBUTE_DATA>
                </STIG_DATA>
                <STIG_DATA>
                    <VULN_ATTRIBUTE>Mitigations</VULN_ATTRIBUTE>
                    <ATTRIBUTE_DATA></ATTRIBUTE_DATA>
                </STIG_DATA>
                <STIG_DATA>
                    <VULN_ATTRIBUTE>Potential_Impact</VULN_ATTRIBUTE>
                    <ATTRIBUTE_DATA></ATTRIBUTE_DATA>
                </STIG_DATA>
                <STIG_DATA>
                    <VULN_ATTRIBUTE>Third_Party_Tools</VULN_ATTRIBUTE>
                    <ATTRIBUTE_DATA></ATTRIBUTE_DATA>
                </STIG_DATA>
                <STIG_DATA>
                    <VULN_ATTRIBUTE>Mitigation_Control</VULN_ATTRIBUTE>
                    <ATTRIBUTE_DATA></ATTRIBUTE_DATA>
                </STIG_DATA>
                <STIG_DATA>
                    <VULN_ATTRIBUTE>Responsibility</VULN_ATTRIBUTE>
                    <ATTRIBUTE_DATA>System Administrator</ATTRIBUTE_DATA>
                </STIG_DATA>
                <STIG_DATA>
                    <VULN_ATTRIBUTE>Security_Override_Guidance</VULN_ATTRIBUTE>
                    <ATTRIBUTE_DATA></ATTRIBUTE_DATA>
                </STIG_DATA>
                <STIG_DATA>
                    <VULN_ATTRIBUTE>Check_Content_Ref</VULN_ATTRIBUTE>
                    <ATTRIBUTE_DATA>M</ATTRIBUTE_DATA>
                </STIG_DATA>
                <STIG_DATA>
                    <VULN_ATTRIBUTE>Weight</VULN_ATTRIBUTE>
                    <ATTRIBUTE_DATA>10.0</ATTRIBUTE_DATA>
                </STIG_DATA>
                <STIG_DATA>
                    <VULN_ATTRIBUTE>Class</VULN_ATTRIBUTE>
                    <ATTRIBUTE_DATA>Unclass</ATTRIBUTE_DATA>
                </STIG_DATA>
                <STIG_DATA>
                    <VULN_ATTRIBUTE>STIGRef</VULN_ATTRIBUTE>
                    <ATTRIBUTE_DATA>McAfee VirusScan 8.8 Managed Client STIG :: Version 5, Release: 21 Benchmark Date: 25 Oct 2019</ATTRIBUTE_DATA>
                </STIG_DATA>
                <STIG_DATA>
                    <VULN_ATTRIBUTE>TargetKey</VULN_ATTRIBUTE>
                    <ATTRIBUTE_DATA>2266</ATTRIBUTE_DATA>
                </STIG_DATA>
                <STIG_DATA>
                    <VULN_ATTRIBUTE>CCI_REF</VULN_ATTRIBUTE>
                    <ATTRIBUTE_DATA>CCI-001242</ATTRIBUTE_DATA>
                </STIG_DATA>
                <STATUS>Not_Reviewed</STATUS>
                <FINDING_DETAILS></FINDING_DETAILS>
                <COMMENTS></COMMENTS>
                <SEVERITY_OVERRIDE></SEVERITY_OVERRIDE>
                <SEVERITY_JUSTIFICATION></SEVERITY_JUSTIFICATION>
            </VULN>
        </iSTIG>
    </STIGS>
</CHECKLIST>

我知道有幾種不同的方法可以做到這一點，但我首先嘗試通過 minidom

import xml.dom.minidom
doc = xml.dom.minidom.parse(r'C:\Temp\test.xml')
print (doc.nodeName)
root = doc.firstChild.tagName
root

這導致打印出確實是文檔根的CHECKLIST。 現在在 powershell 中，我會執行 root.STIG.iSTIG.STIG_INFO.SI_DATA 並在那里開始循環，但無法理解為什么這會如此不同。

我也嘗試從 ElementTree 開始，但沒有走多遠

from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET
doc = ET.parse(r'C:\Temp\test.xml').getroot()

任何人都可以在這里指出我正確的方向而不必給我書面代碼作為答案嗎？ 我已經使用 lxml 轉換了我的 XML，並且能夠輸出以下文件，這很好，但在下一步時遇到了麻煩。

謝謝！

Answer 1

由於您正在尋找一個總體方向，請嘗試以下操作並根據您的需要對其進行修改：

from lxml import etree

stig = """your xml above"""
parser = etree.XMLParser()

tree = etree.fromstring(stig, parser)
items = tree.xpath('//iSTIG/STIG_INFO//SI_DATA')
for item in items:
    print(item.xpath('string(SID_NAME/text())')," ",item.xpath('string(SID_DATA/text())'))

輸出：

version   5
classification   UNCLASSIFIED

等等。

顯然，您可以將每個項目添加到列表等，而不是打印。