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如何將參數從組件注入到 Angular 中的服務?

[英]How can I inject a parameter from a component to a service in Angular?

你好,

在我遵循《英雄之旅》指南時,我想嘗試一下具有多個數據數組選項以及我使用哪些 herosUrl 從 InMemoryDbService 請求數據。 我希望能夠將 heros 組件中的 herosUrl 參數傳遞給 heros 服務,以確定我想從數據庫中獲取哪一批英雄,但我在控制台中收到以下錯誤消息:

vendor.js:14812 ERROR Error: Uncaught (in promise): NullInjectorError: R3InjectorError(AppModule)[HeroService -> heroesUrl -> heroesUrl -> heroesUrl]: 
  NullInjectorError: No provider for heroesUrl!
NullInjectorError: R3InjectorError(AppModule)[HeroService -> heroesUrl -> heroesUrl -> heroesUrl]: 
  NullInjectorError: No provider for heroesUrl!
    at NullInjector.get (vendor.js:10919)
    at R3Injector.get (vendor.js:24642)
    at R3Injector.get (vendor.js:24642)
    at R3Injector.get (vendor.js:24642)
    at injectInjectorOnly (vendor.js:10774)
    at Module.ɵɵinject (vendor.js:10784)
    at Object.HeroService_Factory [as factory] (main.js:503)
    at R3Injector.hydrate (vendor.js:24869)
    at R3Injector.get (vendor.js:24630)
    at NgModuleRef$1.get (vendor.js:41631)
    at resolvePromise (polyfills.js:806)
    at resolvePromise (polyfills.js:765)
    at polyfills.js:867
    at ZoneDelegate.invokeTask (polyfills.js:413)
    at Object.onInvokeTask (vendor.js:46107)
    at ZoneDelegate.invokeTask (polyfills.js:412)
    at Zone.runTask (polyfills.js:181)
    at drainMicroTaskQueue (polyfills.js:583)

它說heresUrl沒有提供者,所以我懷疑我沒有以正確的方式在組件中定義提供者:

import { Component, OnInit } from "@angular/core";

import { Hero } from "../hero";
import { HeroService } from "../hero.service";
import { MessageService } from "../message.service";

@Component({
  selector: "app-heroes",
  templateUrl: "./heroes.component.html",
  styleUrls: ["./heroes.component.scss"],
  providers: [{ provide: "heroesUrl", useValue: "heroesTwo" }]  //<-------------
})
export class HeroesComponent implements OnInit {
  heroes: Hero[];

  constructor(
    private heroService: HeroService,
    public messageService: MessageService
  ) {}

  ngOnInit(): void {
    this.heroService.getHeroes().subscribe(heroes => (this.heroes = heroes));
  }
}

這是服務的樣子,我試圖在其中注入參數:

import { Observable, of } from "rxjs";

import { HttpClient, HttpHeaders } from "@angular/common/http";
import { Injectable, Input, Inject, Optional } from "@angular/core";

import { Hero } from "./hero";
import { MessageService } from "./message.service";

import { catchError, map, tap } from "rxjs/operators";

@Injectable({
  providedIn: "root"
})
export class HeroService {
  constructor(
    private http: HttpClient,
    private messageService: MessageService,
    @Inject("heroesUrl") private heroesUrl: string //<-------------
  ) {}

  getHeroes(): Observable<Hero[]> {
    return this.http.get<Hero[]>(this.heroesUrl).pipe(
      tap(tappedData =>
        this.log("Fetched heroes: " + tappedData.map(data => data.name))
      ),
      catchError(this.handleError<Hero[]>("getHeroes", []))
    );
  }

  getHero(id: number): Observable<Hero> {
    const url = this.heroesUrl + "/" + id;
    return this.http.get<Hero>(url).pipe(
      tap(_ => this.log("fetched hero id=" + id)),
      catchError(this.handleError<Hero>("getHero id=" + id))
    );
  }

  private log(message: string) {
    this.messageService.add(`HeroService: ${message}`);
  }

  private handleError<T>(operation = "operation", result?: T) {
    return (error: any): Observable<T> => {
      console.error(error);
      this.log(`${operation} failed: ${error.body.error}`);
      return of(result as T);
    };
  }
}

在攔截http調用的服務中,實現InMemoryDbService:

return { heroesOne: heroes1, heroesTwo: heroes2 };

我一直在特別關注這些指南:

有人可以解釋一下我做錯了什么嗎?

添加這一行 -> providers: [{ provide: "heroesUrl", useValue: "heroesTwo" }] 到 Module.ts 文件提供者數組而不是組件 ts 文件並嘗試。

您需要在 app.module.ts 的提供者中聲明您的 herosUrl,但是每個 hero 服務都會提供相同的 url。

@NgModule({
  declarations: [
    AppComponent
  ],
  imports: [
    BrowserModule,
    AppRoutingModule
  ],
  providers: [
    HeroService,
    { provide: "heroesUrl", useValue: "heroesOne" }
  ],
  bootstrap: [AppComponent]
})

或者您也使用服務和 url 在組件中聲明您的提供者,然后每個組件將擁有自己的服務和自己的 url。

@Component({
  selector: "app-heroes",
  templateUrl: "./heroes.component.html",
  styleUrls: ["./heroes.component.scss"],
  providers: [
    HeroService,
    { provide: "heroesUrl", useValue: "heroesTwo" }
  ]
})

並且您可以將兩者結合起來使用帶有“heroesOne”網址的通用 HeroesService 以及針對特定組件的其他 HeroesService 和其他網址。

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