docker 中的 Postgres 安裝卷。 沒有權限

Question

我嘗試將主機上的文件夾映射到 postgres 容器，以便即使容器銷毀也能保存我的數據。

首先我創建了新目錄 pg-data

其次我在 docker-compose.yml 中描述了容器

version: '3.7'

networks:
  backend-network:
    driver: bridge
  frontend-network:
    driver: bridge

volumes:
   redis-data:
   pg-data:

services:
  &app-service app: &app-service-template
    container_name: k4fntr_app
    build:
      context: ./docker/php-fpm
      args:
        UID: ${UID?Use your user ID}
        GID: ${GID?Use your group ID}
        USER: ${USER?Use your user name}
    user: "${UID}:${GID}"
    hostname: *app-service
    volumes:
      - /etc/passwd/:/etc/passwd:ro
      - /etc/group/:/etc/group:ro
      - ./:/var/www/k4fntr
    environment:
      APP_ENV: "${APP_ENV}"
      CONTAINER_ROLE: app
      FPM_PORT: &php-fpm-port 9000
      FPM_USER: "${UID:-1000}"
      FPM_GROUP: "${GID:-1000}"
    depends_on:
      - redis
      - database
    networks:
      - backend-network

  &queue-service queue:
    <<: *app-service-template
    container_name: k4fntr_queue
    restart: always
    hostname: *queue-service
    depends_on:
      - app
    environment:
      CONTAINER_ROLE: queue

  &schedule-service schedule:
    <<: *app-service-template
    container_name: k4fntr_schedule
    restart: always
    hostname: *schedule-service
    depends_on:
      - app
    environment:
      CONTAINER_ROLE: scheduler

  &php-fpm-service php-fpm:
    <<: *app-service-template
    container_name: k4fntr_php-fpm
    user: 'root:root'
    restart: always
    hostname: *php-fpm-service
    ports: [*php-fpm-port]
    entrypoint: /fpm-entrypoint.sh
    command: php-fpm --nodaemonize -d "opcache.enable=0" -d "display_startup_errors=On" -d "display_errors=On" -d "error_reporting=E_ALL"
    networks:
      - backend-network
      - frontend-network

  mail:
    container_name: k4fntr_mail
    image: mailhog/mailhog
    ports:
    - "1025:1025"
    - "8025:8025"
      - backend-network

  database:
    container_name: k4fntr_database
    build: ./docker/postgres
    restart: always
    environment:
      ENV: ${APP_ENV}
      TESTING_DB: ${DB_DATABASE_TESTING}
      POSTGRES_DB: ${DB_DATABASE}
      POSTGRES_USER: ${DB_USERNAME}
      POSTGRES_PASSWORD: ${DB_PASSWORD}
    ports:
      - "15432:5432"
    volumes:
      - ./docker/postgres/prod/:/prod
      - ./docker/postgres/pg-data:/var/lib/postgresql/data:Z
    networks:
      - backend-network

    - backend-network

  database:
    container_name: k4fntr_database
    build: ./docker/postgres
    restart: always
    environment:
      ENV: ${APP_ENV}
      TESTING_DB: ${DB_DATABASE_TESTING}
      POSTGRES_DB: ${DB_DATABASE}
      POSTGRES_USER: ${DB_USERNAME}
      POSTGRES_PASSWORD: ${DB_PASSWORD}
    ports:
      - "15432:5432"
    volumes:
      - ./docker/postgres/prod/:/prod
      - ./docker/postgres/pg-data:/var/lib/postgresql/data:rw
    networks:
      - backend-network

    - backend-network

  nginx:
    container_name: k4fntr_nginx
    image: nginx
    volumes:
    - ./docker/nginx/config:/etc/nginx/conf.d
    - ./:/var/www/k4fntr
    depends_on:
      - *php-fpm-service
    ports:
      - "8084:80"
    networks:
      - frontend-network

  redis:
    container_name: k4fntr_redis
    image: redis
    restart: always
    command: redis-server
    volumes:
      - ./docker/redis/config/redis.conf:/usr/local/etc/redis/redis.conf
      - ./docker/redis/redis-data:/data:rw
    ports:
     - "16379:6379"
    networks:
      - backend-network

  database:
    container_name: k4fntr_database
    build: ./docker/postgres
    restart: always
    environment:
      ENV: ${APP_ENV}
      TESTING_DB: ${DB_DATABASE_TESTING}
      POSTGRES_DB: ${DB_DATABASE}
      POSTGRES_USER: ${DB_USERNAME}
      POSTGRES_PASSWORD: ${DB_PASSWORD}
    ports:
      - "15432:5432"
    volumes:
      - ./docker/postgres/prod/:/prod
      - ./docker/postgres/pg-data:/var/lib/postgresql/data:Z
    networks:
      - backend-network

我在 docker/postgres/ 中也有 Dockerfile，它包含下一個代碼

    FROM postgres:10.5-alpine

    COPY /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/ /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/

    RUN apk add openssh-client
    RUN chmod a+r /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/*

    RUN mkdir /prod

    RUN chmod a+r /prod

然后我用 docker-compose exec -d --build 構建我的圖像

之后我的用戶在 70:root 上更改

沒有 sudo，我無法對這個文件夾做任何事情。 此外，當我嘗試重建容器時，出現錯誤

/usr/local/bin/docker-compose up -d --build
Building database
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "bin/docker-compose", line 6, in <module>
  File "compose/cli/main.py", line 72, in main
  File "compose/cli/main.py", line 128, in perform_command
  File "compose/cli/main.py", line 1077, in up
  File "compose/cli/main.py", line 1073, in up
  File "compose/project.py", line 548, in up
  File "compose/service.py", line 351, in ensure_image_exists
  File "compose/service.py", line 1106, in build
  File "site-packages/docker/api/build.py", line 160, in build
  File "site-packages/docker/utils/build.py", line 30, in tar
  File "site-packages/docker/utils/build.py", line 49, in exclude_paths
  File "site-packages/docker/utils/build.py", line 214, in rec_walk
  File "site-packages/docker/utils/build.py", line 184, in rec_walk
PermissionError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: '/home/ubuntu/PhpstormProjects/fntr/docker/postgres/pg-data'
[16332] Failed to execute script docker-compose

我需要刪除這個文件夾（使用 sudo）然后重建。

我試過的：

1 - 我已閱讀https://hub.docker.com/_/postgres （任意 --user 注釋）中的說明，並嘗試在容器和用戶內卷 /etc/passwd：“${UID}:${ GID}”，但出現錯誤

initdb: could not access directory "/var/lib/postgresql/data": permission denied

2 - 將 PGDATA 使用到另一個地方並在重建時遇到相同的錯誤

3 - 使用 777 權限在 Dockerfile 中創建 /var/lib/postgresql/data，但圖像中的 postgres 入口點剛剛刪除了此文件夾並重新創建了它

我真的需要幫助解決這個問題，因為我花了 3 天沒有效果

Answer 1

以下對我有用，也許您需要從一個更簡單的設置開始，並找出導致問題的原因，因為您朝着完整的配置前進：

version: '3.7'

volumes:
   pg-data:

services:
  database:
    image: postgres:latest
    restart: always
    environment:
      POSTGRES_USER: postgres
      POSTGRES_PASSWORD: postgres
      PGDATA: /pg-data
    ports:
      - "5432:5432"
    volumes:
      - pg-data:/pg-data

所以 ...

########################################
# start db
########################################
▶ docker-compose up -d
Creating docker-compose-pg_database_1 ... done

########################################
# note pg-data is created
########################################
▶ ls
docker-compose.yml pg-data

########################################
# create some data
########################################
▶ docker-compose exec database psql -U postgres
psql (12.2 (Debian 12.2-2.pgdg100+1))
Type "help" for help.

postgres=# create database foo;
CREATE DATABASE
postgres=# \q

########################################
# remove the container and any non-mounted data
########################################
▶ docker-compose rm -sf
Stopping docker-compose-pg_database_1 ... done
Going to remove docker-compose-pg_database_1
Removing docker-compose-pg_database_1 ... done

########################################
# start the container again
########################################
▶ docker-compose up -d
Creating docker-compose-pg_database_1 ... done

########################################
# see data from before
########################################
▶ docker-compose exec database psql -U postgres
psql (12.2 (Debian 12.2-2.pgdg100+1))
Type "help" for help.

postgres=# \l
                                 List of databases
   Name    |  Owner   | Encoding |  Collate   |   Ctype    |   Access privileges
-----------+----------+----------+------------+------------+-----------------------
 foo       | postgres | UTF8     | en_US.utf8 | en_US.utf8 |
 postgres  | postgres | UTF8     | en_US.utf8 | en_US.utf8 |
 template0 | postgres | UTF8     | en_US.utf8 | en_US.utf8 | =c/postgres          +
           |          |          |            |            | postgres=CTc/postgres
 template1 | postgres | UTF8     | en_US.utf8 | en_US.utf8 | =c/postgres          +
           |          |          |            |            | postgres=CTc/postgres
(4 rows)

Answer 2

這就是在 manjaro linux 上對我有用的方法。

首先我需要手動創建 pgdata 文件夾。 如果我省略這一步，docker 將使用錯誤的權限創建 pgdata。

mkdir -p /some/path/pddata

接下來，我創建 docker 容器並使用 --user 參數映射我的用戶：

docker container run -d --name=pg -p 5432:5432 --user $(id -u):$(id -g) -e POSTGRES_PASSWORD=postgres -e PGDATA=/pgdata -v /host/path/to/pgdata:/pgdata postgres:latest