在字典中查找匹配多個值的所有鍵

Question

我有一本看起來像這樣的字典。

dics = {'classes':[
            {"class_number":'CIS41A', 'topic':'Python Programming', 'start_time':'8:30 AM', 'time_category':'Early Morning'},
            {"class_number":'CIS41A', 'topic':'Java Programming', 'start_time':'11:30 AM', 'time_category':'Late Morning'} ,
            {"class_number":'CIS41J', 'topic':'Python Programming', 'start_time':'8 PM', 'time_category':'Evening'},
            {"class_number":'CIS41A', 'topic':'Linear Programming', 'start_time':'6 PM', 'time_category':'Evening'}
                ]
    }

我想產生class_number有主題“Python編程”，“Java編程”和線性規划

所以輸出將是CIS41A

Answer 1

您可以使用collections.defaultdict並set交集來執行以下操作：

from collections import defaultdict

check = {'Java Programming', 'Python Programming', 'Linear Programming'}

def gen(dics):
    topics = defaultdict(set)
    for klass in dics['classes']:
        topics[klass['class_number']].add(klass['topic'])
    for klass_number in topics:
        if topics[klass_number] & check == check:
            yield klass_number

>>> list(gen(dics))
['CIS41A']

Answer 2

這是你想要的嗎？

from collections import defaultdict

dic = {
    'classes': [
        {"class_number": 'CIS41A', 'topic': 'Python Programming',
         'start_time': '8:30 AM', 'time_category': 'Early Morning'},
        {"class_number": 'CIS41A', 'topic': 'Java Programming',
         'start_time': '11:30 AM', 'time_category': 'Late Morning'},
        {"class_number": 'CIS41J', 'topic': 'Python Programming',
         'start_time': '8 PM', 'time_category': 'Evening'},
        {"class_number": 'CIS41A', 'topic': 'Linear Programming',
         'start_time': '6 PM', 'time_category': 'Evening'},
        {"class_number": 'CIS41A', 'topic': 'Fourth Topic',
         'start_time': '9 PM', 'time_category': 'Evening'},
    ]
}


def gen(mandatory_topics: set):
    topic_dict = defaultdict(set)
    passed_classes = set()
    for class_ in dic['classes']:
        class_num = class_['class_number']
        topic_dict[class_num].add(class_['topic'])
        if topic_dict[class_num] >= mandatory_topics and class_num not in passed_classes:
            passed_classes.add(class_num)
            yield class_num


topics = {'Python Programming', 'Java Programming', 'Linear Programming'}

for item in gen(topics):
    print(item)

輸出：

CIS41A

我添加了第 5 個數據來測試極端情況。

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附加編輯

我需要將主題作為單獨的參數（如 *args）而不是列表或集合傳遞。 我該如何更改此代碼？

更改參數並添加轉換其類型的代碼。

def gen(*mandatory_topics: str):
    mandatory_topics = set(mandatory_topics)