flask_migrate KeyError: '遷移'

Question

我目前正在學習 Flask 並且正在研究數據庫關系，但是我正在 cmd 中嘗試以下命令：

set FLASK_APP=app4.py
flask db init

當我運行它時，我得到以下信息：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "c:\users\admin\appdata\local\programs\python\python37-32\lib\runpy.py", line 193, in _run_module_as_main
    "__main__", mod_spec)
  File "c:\users\admin\appdata\local\programs\python\python37-32\lib\runpy.py", line 85, in _run_code
    exec(code, run_globals)
  File "C:\Users\admin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\Scripts\flask.exe\__main__.py", line 9, in <module>
  File "c:\users\admin\appdata\local\programs\python\python37-32\lib\site-packages\flask\cli.py", line 966, in main
    cli.main(prog_name="python -m flask" if as_module else None)
  File "c:\users\admin\appdata\local\programs\python\python37-32\lib\site-packages\flask\cli.py", line 586, in main
    return super(FlaskGroup, self).main(*args, **kwargs)
  File "c:\users\admin\appdata\local\programs\python\python37-32\lib\site-packages\click\core.py", line 717, in main
    rv = self.invoke(ctx)
  File "c:\users\admin\appdata\local\programs\python\python37-32\lib\site-packages\click\core.py", line 1137, in invoke
    return _process_result(sub_ctx.command.invoke(sub_ctx))
  File "c:\users\admin\appdata\local\programs\python\python37-32\lib\site-packages\click\core.py", line 1137, in invoke
    return _process_result(sub_ctx.command.invoke(sub_ctx))
  File "c:\users\admin\appdata\local\programs\python\python37-32\lib\site-packages\click\core.py", line 956, in invoke
    return ctx.invoke(self.callback, **ctx.params)
  File "c:\users\admin\appdata\local\programs\python\python37-32\lib\site-packages\click\core.py", line 555, in invoke
    return callback(*args, **kwargs)
  File "c:\users\admin\appdata\local\programs\python\python37-32\lib\site-packages\click\decorators.py", line 17, in new_func
    return f(get_current_context(), *args, **kwargs)
  File "c:\users\admin\appdata\local\programs\python\python37-32\lib\site-packages\flask\cli.py", line 426, in decorator
    return __ctx.invoke(f, *args, **kwargs)
  File "c:\users\admin\appdata\local\programs\python\python37-32\lib\site-packages\click\core.py", line 555, in invoke
    return callback(*args, **kwargs)
  File "c:\users\admin\appdata\local\programs\python\python37-32\lib\site-packages\flask_migrate\cli.py", line 31, in init
    _init(directory, multidb)
  File "c:\users\admin\appdata\local\programs\python\python37-32\lib\site-packages\flask_migrate\__init__.py", line 96, in wrapped
    f(*args, **kwargs)
  File "c:\users\admin\appdata\local\programs\python\python37-32\lib\site-packages\flask_migrate\__init__.py", line 126, in init
    directory = current_app.extensions['migrate'].directory
KeyError: 'migrate'

我真的不確定我做錯了什么，任何幫助將不勝感激。 這是我目前擁有的python腳本：

import os
from flask import Flask
from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
from flask_migrate import Migrate

basedir = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))

app = Flask(__name__)

app.config['SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI'] = 'sqlite:///' + os.path.join(basedir,'data.sqlite')
app.config['SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS'] = False

db = SQLAlchemy(app)
migrate = Migrate()
migrate.init_app(app, db)



class Puppies(db.Model):

    __tablename__ = 'Puppies'

    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    name = db.Column(db.Text)
    toys = db.relationship('Toy', backref='Puppies', lazy='dynamic') #Connects to the Toy model (the class below) | connects the puppy to many toys | will return list of toys
    owner = db.relationship('Owner', backref='Puppies', uselist=False) #uselist=False will ensure it doesn't bring a list of items, it will return 1.

    def __init__(self,name):
        self.name = name

    def __repr__(self):
        if self.owner:
            return f"Puppy Name: {self.name} | Owner: {self.owner.name}"
        else:
            return f"Puppy Name: {self.name} | The puppy currently has no owner."

    def report_toys(self):
        print("Here are my toys:")
        for toy in self.toys:
            print(toy.item_name)


class Toy(db.Model):

    __tablename__ = 'Toys'

    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    item_name = db.Column(db.Text)
    puppies_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey(Puppies.id)) #this will get the id from the Puppies table (the above class)

    def __init__(self, item_name, puppies_id):
        self.item_name = item_name
        self.puppies_id = puppies_id


class Owner(db.Model):

    __tablename__ = 'Owners'

    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    name = db.Column(db.Text)
    puppies_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey(Puppies.id)) #this will get the id from the Puppies table

    def __init__(self, name, puppies_id):
        self.name = name
        self.puppies_id = puppies_id

Answer 1

錯誤顯然是一個燒瓶數據庫。 希望你已經導入了flask-migrate和flask-sqlalchemy ，你在__init__.py注冊flask-migrate的方式是不正確的。

情況1：

如果您在應用程序中使用應用程序工廠，則需要使用migrate.init_app(app, db) 。 所以你的__init__.py看起來像這樣：

from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
from flask_migrate import Migrate
app.config.from_object(Config)

db = SQLAlchemy()
migrate = Migrate()

def create_app(config_class=Config):
    app = Flask(__name__)
    app.config.from_object(config_class)

    db.init_app(app)
    migrate.init_app(app, db)
    # ...

上面，你的工廠函數是create_app() 。

案例2：

如果您沒有使用工廠函數，如在您的腳本中，則不要使用migrate.init_app(app, db) 。 相反，讓你的__init__.py足夠簡單：

from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
from flask_migrate import Migrate
app.config.from_object(Config)

db = SQLAlchemy(app)
migrate = Migrate(app, db)

# ...

使用其中任何一個，您都可以運行遷移：

$ flask db init
$ flask db migrate -m '<your table>'