Oracle JDBC 項目與 Maven：在 Z581D6381F3F35E4F9D4F7720 命令行中運行良好

Question

I currently have a class project that consists in making a software in Java using JavaFX and Oracle JDBC. 為了使項目在學校的計算機上運行，我們被要求使用 Java 1.8 和 ojdbc6.jar 來制作它。

我在這個項目中使用了 Maven，通常我只需要在本地安裝 ojdbc6，但我需要它在老師的計算機上工作，老師的計算機上有 jar 文件，位於 /opt/oracle/ojdbc69998995FCBF4432 下因此，我在我的項目目錄中添加了這個ojdbc6.jar的副本，並通過以下方式在pom.xml中導入了依賴項：

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.oracle</groupId>
    <artifactId>ojdbc6</artifactId>
    <version>12.1.0.1.0</version>
    <scope>system</scope>
    <systemPath>${basedir}/ojdbc6.jar</systemPath>
</dependency>

這樣，老師就可以編譯項目，因為它所需要的一切都已經存在了。

我從其他帖子中了解到這不是一個好的解決方案，但是由於老師不會在本地安裝 jar 文件，我真的不知道該怎么辦。

我正在使用以下幾行使我的程序連接到數據庫：

try {
    Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver");
    connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, passwd);
}
catch /* etc */

問題是：這在 IntelliJ 中工作得很好，我可以向數據庫發出請求並獲取數據等。但是，當我嘗試使用命令行界面命令運行項目時：

mvn clean compile jfx:run

在我執行使用數據庫的操作之前它工作正常，並且出現以下異常：

java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver
        at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:382)
        at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:424)
        at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:357)
        at java.lang.Class.forName0(Native Method)
        at java.lang.Class.forName(Class.java:264)
        at fr.ensimag.equipe3.model.DAO.ConnectionDB.connect(ConnectionDB.java:34)
        at fr.ensimag.equipe3.model.DAO.ConnectionDB.<init>(ConnectionDB.java:29)
        at fr.ensimag.equipe3.model.DAO.ConnectionDB.<clinit>(ConnectionDB.java:12)
        at fr.ensimag.equipe3.model.DAO.UserDAO.get(UserDAO.java:32)
        at fr.ensimag.equipe3.controller.LoginController.connexion(LoginController.java:28)
        at fr.ensimag.equipe3.controller.LoginController.onEnter(LoginController.java:49)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
        at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
        at sun.reflect.misc.Trampoline.invoke(MethodUtil.java:71)
        at sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor9.invoke(Unknown Source)
        at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
        at sun.reflect.misc.MethodUtil.invoke(MethodUtil.java:275)
        at javafx.fxml.FXMLLoader$MethodHandler.invoke(FXMLLoader.java:1769)
        at javafx.fxml.FXMLLoader$ControllerMethodEventHandler.handle(FXMLLoader.java:1657)
        at com.sun.javafx.event.CompositeEventHandler.dispatchBubblingEvent(CompositeEventHandler.java:86)
        at com.sun.javafx.event.EventHandlerManager.dispatchBubblingEvent(EventHandlerManager.java:238)
        at com.sun.javafx.event.EventHandlerManager.dispatchBubblingEvent(EventHandlerManager.java:191)
        at com.sun.javafx.event.CompositeEventDispatcher.dispatchBubblingEvent(CompositeEventDispatcher.java:59)
        at com.sun.javafx.event.BasicEventDispatcher.dispatchEvent(BasicEventDispatcher.java:58)
        at com.sun.javafx.event.EventDispatchChainImpl.dispatchEvent(EventDispatchChainImpl.java:114)
        at com.sun.javafx.event.BasicEventDispatcher.dispatchEvent(BasicEventDispatcher.java:56)
        at com.sun.javafx.event.EventDispatchChainImpl.dispatchEvent(EventDispatchChainImpl.java:114)
        at com.sun.javafx.event.BasicEventDispatcher.dispatchEvent(BasicEventDispatcher.java:56)
        at com.sun.javafx.event.EventDispatchChainImpl.dispatchEvent(EventDispatchChainImpl.java:114)
        at com.sun.javafx.event.EventUtil.fireEventImpl(EventUtil.java:74)
        at com.sun.javafx.event.EventUtil.fireEvent(EventUtil.java:49)
        at javafx.event.Event.fireEvent(Event.java:198)
        at javafx.scene.Node.fireEvent(Node.java:8411)
        at com.sun.javafx.scene.control.behavior.TextFieldBehavior.fire(TextFieldBehavior.java:179)
        at com.sun.javafx.scene.control.behavior.TextInputControlBehavior.callAction(TextInputControlBehavior.java:178)
        at com.sun.javafx.scene.control.behavior.BehaviorBase.callActionForEvent(BehaviorBase.java:218)
        at com.sun.javafx.scene.control.behavior.TextInputControlBehavior.callActionForEvent(TextInputControlBehavior.java:127)
        at com.sun.javafx.scene.control.behavior.BehaviorBase.lambda$new$74(BehaviorBase
.java:135)
        at com.sun.javafx.event.CompositeEventHandler$NormalEventHandlerRecord.handleBubblingEvent(CompositeEventHandler.java:218)
        at com.sun.javafx.event.CompositeEventHandler.dispatchBubblingEvent(CompositeEventHandler.java:80)
        at com.sun.javafx.event.EventHandlerManager.dispatchBubblingEvent(EventHandlerManager.java:238)
        at com.sun.javafx.event.EventHandlerManager.dispatchBubblingEvent(EventHandlerManager.java:191)
        at com.sun.javafx.event.CompositeEventDispatcher.dispatchBubblingEvent(CompositeEventDispatcher.java:59)
        at com.sun.javafx.event.BasicEventDispatcher.dispatchEvent(BasicEventDispatcher.java:58)
        at com.sun.javafx.event.EventDispatchChainImpl.dispatchEvent(EventDispatchChainImpl.java:114)
        at com.sun.javafx.event.BasicEventDispatcher.dispatchEvent(BasicEventDispatcher.java:56)
        at com.sun.javafx.event.EventDispatchChainImpl.dispatchEvent(EventDispatchChainImpl.java:114)
        at com.sun.javafx.event.BasicEventDispatcher.dispatchEvent(BasicEventDispatcher.java:56)
        at com.sun.javafx.event.EventDispatchChainImpl.dispatchEvent(EventDispatchChainImpl.java:114)
        at com.sun.javafx.event.EventUtil.fireEventImpl(EventUtil.java:74)
        at com.sun.javafx.event.EventUtil.fireEvent(EventUtil.java:54)
        at javafx.event.Event.fireEvent(Event.java:198)
        at javafx.scene.Scene$KeyHandler.process(Scene.java:3964)
        at javafx.scene.Scene$KeyHandler.access$1800(Scene.java:3910)
        at javafx.scene.Scene.impl_processKeyEvent(Scene.java:2040)
        at javafx.scene.Scene$ScenePeerListener.keyEvent(Scene.java:2501)
        at com.sun.javafx.tk.quantum.GlassViewEventHandler$KeyEventNotification.run(GlassViewEventHandler.java:217)
        at com.sun.javafx.tk.quantum.GlassViewEventHandler$KeyEventNotification.run(GlassViewEventHandler.java:149)
        at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
        at com.sun.javafx.tk.quantum.GlassViewEventHandler.lambda$handleKeyEvent$352(GlassViewEventHandler.java:248)
        at com.sun.javafx.tk.quantum.QuantumToolkit.runWithoutRenderLock(QuantumToolkit.java:389)
        at com.sun.javafx.tk.quantum.GlassViewEventHandler.handleKeyEvent(GlassViewEventHandler.java:247)
        at com.sun.glass.ui.View.handleKeyEvent(View.java:546)
        at com.sun.glass.ui.View.notifyKey(View.java:966)
        at com.sun.glass.ui.gtk.GtkApplication._runLoop(Native Method)
        at com.sun.glass.ui.gtk.GtkApplication.lambda$null$48(GtkApplication.java:139)
        at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)

所以看起來 Java 找不到我的ojdbc6.jar文件...我試圖顯示 Maven 使用的類路徑：

mvn dependency:build-classpath

事實證明ojdbc6.jar在類路徑中，所以我真的不明白為什么同一個程序在 IntelliJ 中有效，但在命令行界面中無效：我原以為 IDE 和mvn jfx:run都會運行相同的命令以啟動程序。

如果您閱讀這篇文章，感謝您抽出寶貴時間，我希望我已經足夠清楚，如果我錯過了另一篇可以解決我問題的帖子，請隨時告訴我。

Answer 1

Oracle JDBC 驅動程序現在在 Maven 中央存儲庫上。

對於 Java8 / Oracle 12，您應該使用：

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.oracle.jdbc</groupId>
    <artifactId>ojdbc8</artifactId>
    <version>12.2.0.1</version>
</dependency>

Answer 2

下面給出了 12.1.0.1 的正確 GAV。 有關可用版本和文件的更多詳細信息，請參閱博客。

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.oracle.database.jdbc</groupId>
    <artifactId>ojdbc6</artifactId>
    <version>12.1.0.1</version>
</dependency>