如何從需要登錄的網站上抓取信息

Question

我正在研究 python web 抓取項目。 我試圖從中抓取數據的網站包含有關在印度銷售的所有葯品的信息。 該網站要求用戶登錄才能訪問此信息。

我想訪問此 url https://mims.com/india/browse/alphabet/a?cat=drug&tab=brand中的所有鏈接並將其存儲在數組中。

這是我登錄網站的代碼

##################################### Method 1
import mechanize
import http.cookiejar as cookielib
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import html2text

br = mechanize.Browser()
cj = cookielib.LWPCookieJar()

br.set_cookiejar(cj)

br.set_handle_equiv(True)
br.set_handle_gzip(True)
br.set_handle_redirect(True)
br.set_handle_referer(True)
br.set_handle_robots(False)
br.set_handle_refresh(mechanize._http.HTTPRefreshProcessor(), max_time=1)

br.addheaders = [('User-agent', 'Chrome')]

br.open('https://sso.mims.com/Account/SignIn')

# View available forms
for f in br.forms():
    print(f)

br.select_form(nr=0)

# User credentials
br.form['EmailAddress'] = <USERNAME>
br.form['Password'] = <PASSWORD>

# Login
br.submit()
print(br.open('https://mims.com/india/browse/alphabet/a?cat=drug&tab=brand').read())

但問題是，當提交憑證時，會彈出一個中間頁面，其中包含以下信息。

You will be redirected to your destination shortly.

此頁面提交隱藏表單，然后才顯示所需的結束頁面。 我想訪問結束頁面。 但是br.open('https://mims.com/india/browse/alphabet/a?cat=drug&tab=brand').read()訪問中間頁面並打印結果。

如何等待中間頁面提交隱藏表單，然后訪問結束頁面的內容？

Answer 1

我在下面發布了一個selenium解決方案，該解決方案有效，但在了解更多有關登錄過程后，可以使用BeautifulSoup登錄並僅requests 。 請閱讀代碼上的注釋。

BeautifulSoup / 請求解決方案

import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

d = {
    "EmailAddress": "your@email.tld",
    "Password": "password",
    "RememberMe":   True,
    "SubscriberId": "",
    "LicenseNumber":    "",
    "CountryCode":  "SG"
}

req = requests.Session()

login_u = "https://sso.mims.com/"
html = req.post(login_u, data=d)

products_url = "https://mims.com/india/browse/alphabet/a?cat=drug"
html = req.get(products_url) # The cookies generated on the previous request will be use on this one automatically because we use Sessions

# Here's the tricky part. The site uses 2 intermediary "relogin" pages that (theoretically) are only available with JavaScript enabled, but we can bypass that, i.e.:

soup = BeautifulSoup(html.text, "html.parser")
form = soup.find('form', {"id": "openid_message"})
form_url = form['action'] # used on the next post request

inputs = form.find_all('input')
form_dict = {}
for input in inputs:
    if input.get('name'):
        form_dict[input.get('name')] = input.get('value')

form_dict['submit_button'] = "Continue"
relogin = req.post(form_url, data=form_dict)


soup = BeautifulSoup(relogin.text, "html.parser")
form = soup.find('form', {"id": "openid_message"})
form_url = form['action'] # used
inputs = form.find_all('input')
form_dict = {}
for input in inputs:
    if input.get('name'):
        form_dict[input.get('name')] = input.get('value')
products_a = req.post(form_url, data=form_dict)
print(products_a.text)

# You can now request any url normally because the necessary cookies are already present on the current Session()
products_url = "https://mims.com/india/browse/alphabet/c?cat=drug"
products_c = req.get(products_url)
print(products_c.text)

Selenium解決方案

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from time import sleep

driver = webdriver.Firefox()
wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10)
driver.maximize_window()

driver.get("https://sso.mims.com/")
el = wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.ID, "EmailAddress")))
el.send_keys("your@email.com")

el = wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.ID, "Password")))
el.send_keys("password")

el = wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.ID, "btnSubmit")))
el.click()

wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CLASS_NAME, "profile-section-header"))) # we logged in successfully

driver.get("http://mims.com/india/browse/alphabet/a?cat=drug")
wait.until(EC.visibility_of_element_located((By.CLASS_NAME, "searchicon")))
print(driver.page_source)

# do what you need with the source code