在 sqlite3 中更新多列

Question

我想更新 sqlite 中“類”表中的多個列。 我不知道該怎么做，所以我使用了與“INSERT”查詢相同的語法，但是，我似乎遇到了以下語法錯誤： sqlite3.OperationalError: near "VALUES": syntax error

我目前遇到的問題是

e_sql= "UPDATE Class SET (ClassType,Location,UserID,Staff,Time) VALUES (?,?,?,?,?)"
c.execute(e_sql,(classes,location,r,staff,time))

我只是想知道如何創建一個查詢來更新我的“類”表中的多個列。 這是我當前的代碼：

#imports
from tkinter import *
from tkinter import messagebox as ms
from tkinter import ttk
import sqlite3
from PIL import Image,ImageTk
import datetime

global time 
time = datetime.datetime.now()

with sqlite3.connect('Gym.db') as db:
    c = db.cursor()

c.execute('CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS Users (UserID INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,FirstName TEXT ,LastName TEXT ,Gender TEXT,Email TEXT NOT NULL,Phone TEXT NOT NULL,Username TEXT NOT NULL,Password TEXT NOT NULL);')
c.execute('CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS Staff (StaffID INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, Role TEXT NOT NULL, Name TEXT);')
c.execute('CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS Gym (GymID INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, Location TEXT);')
c.execute('CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS Class (ClassID INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, ClassType TEXT, Location TEXT, UserID INTEGER, Staff TEXT, StaffID INTEGER, Time TEXT, FOREIGN KEY (UserID) REFERENCES Users(UserID), FOREIGN KEY (StaffID) REFERENCES Staff (StaffID));')
db.commit()
db.close()

class main:
    def __init__(self,master):
    self.master = master
    self.variable_edit_class = StringVar()
    self.variable_edit_time = StringVar()
    self.variable_edit_location = StringVar()
    self.variable_edit_staff = StringVar()
    self.widgets()

def edit_sql(self):
    username = self.Username.get()
    password = self.Password.get()
    classes = self.variable_edit_class.get()
    location = self.variable_edit_location.get()
    time = self.variable_edit_time.get()
    staff = self.variable_staff.get()

    with sqlite3.connect('Gym.db') as db:
        c = db.cursor()

    c.execute('SELECT UserID FROM Users WHERE Username = (?) AND Password =(?)', (str(username),str(password)))

    result = c.fetchall()
    for row in result:
        r = row[0]

    e_sql= "UPDATE Class SET (ClassType,Location,UserID,Staff,Time) VALUES (?,?,?,?,?)"
    c.execute(e_sql,(classes,location,r,staff,time))

def widgets(self):
self.editf = Frame(self.master, height=500,width=600)

        green_label_12 = Label(self.editf,text = "", font=('arial',15),fg='black',bg='light sea green',width=600,height=3)
        green_label_12.place(x=0,y=5)

        edit_class_label = Label(self.editf, text = "Class Bookings", font =('arial',15, 'bold'),fg = 'black',bg = 'light sea green')
        edit_class_label.place(x=220,y=20)

        back_btn11 = Button(self.editf, text ='Back', width = 5,bg = 'brown', command=self.dashboard)
        back_btn11.place(x=10,y=465)

        edit_classes_label = Label(self.editf, text = "Class", font =('arial',15),fg = 'black')
        edit_classes_label.place(x=25,y=110)

        edit_time_label = Label(self.editf, text = "Time", font =('arial',15),fg = 'black')
        edit_time_label.place(x=250,y=110)

        edit_location_label = Label(self.editf, text = "Location", font =('arial',15),fg = 'black')
        edit_location_label.place(x=25,y=200)

        edit_staff_label = Label(self.editf, text = "Staff", font =('arial',15),fg = 'black')
        edit_staff_label.place(x=260,y=200)

        Edit_Classes = [
            "Boxing",
            "Cardio",
            "Gym",
            "Strength",
            "Swim",
            "Yoga"
            ]


        self.variable_edit_class.set("Please Select")

        edit_booking_options = OptionMenu(self.editf,self.variable_edit_class,*Edit_Classes)
        edit_booking_options.place(x=90,y=110)

        Edit_Times = [
            "8:00 AM",
            "9:00 AM",
            "10:00 AM",
            "11:00 AM",
            "12:00 PM",
            "1:00 PM",
            "2:00 PM",
            "3:00 PM",
            "4:00 PM",
            "5:00 PM",
            "6:00 PM"
            ]

        self.variable_edit_time.set("Please Select")

        edit_time_options = OptionMenu(self.editf,self.variable_edit_time,*Edit_Times)
        edit_time_options.place(x=315,y=110)

        Edit_Location = [
            "Carrara",
            "Nerang",
            "Robina",
            "Helensvale"
            ]


        self.variable_edit_location.set("Please Select")

        edit_location_options = OptionMenu(self.editf,self.variable_edit_location,*Edit_Location)
        edit_location_options.place(x=115,y=200)

        Edit_Staff = [
            "Any",
            "John Cena",
            "Mike Tyson",
            "The Rock",
            "Terry Crews",
            "Mr George",
            "None"
            ]

        self.variable_edit_staff.set("Please Select")
        edit_staff_options = OptionMenu(self.editf,self.variable_edit_staff,*Edit_Staff)
        edit_staff_options.place(x=325,y=200)

        submit_btn_4 = Button(self.editf, text ='Update', width = 6,bg = 'dodger blue', command=self.edit_sql)
        submit_btn_4.place(x=535,y=470)


root = Tk()
root.title("Gym Membership System")
main(root)
root.mainloop()

Answer 1

UPDATE語句的語法是（對於 SQLite 3.15.0+）：

UPDATE Class SET (ClassType,Location,UserID,Staff,Time) = (?,?,?,?,?)

或在標准 SQL 中：

UPDATE Class SET 
  ClassType = ?,
  Location = ?, 
  UserID = ?,
  Staff = ?,
  Time = ?

但我認為您還需要一個 WHERE 子句，因為這將更新表的所有行。

Answer 2

在 SQL 中， INSERT和UPDATE具有不同的語義。 你寫：

INSERT INTO table(col1, col2, ...) VALUES (val1, val2, ...)

但：

UPDATE table SET col1=val1, col2=val2, col3=val3, ... [WHERE ...]

任何val都可以替換為? 進行參數化查詢，並且UPDATE可選地接受WHERE子句。

Answer 3

嘗試這個：

c.execute("INSERT INTO Class VALUES(?,?,?,?,?)",
                                 (classes,location,r,staff,time))
c.commit()