Latex Tikz/Pgf 用參數聲明形狀，用數字聲明錨點

Question

我在 pgf 中寫了一些形狀，我並不真正了解它是如何工作的，但我設法通過了文檔。

\pgfdeclareshape{reg}{
  % The 'minimum width' and 'minimum height' keys, not the content, determine
  % the size
  \savedanchor\northeast{%
    \pgfmathsetlength\pgf@x{\pgfshapeminwidth}%
    \pgfmathsetlength\pgf@y{\pgfshapeminheight}%
    \pgf@x=0.11\pgf@x
    \pgf@y=0.15\pgf@y
  }
  % This is redundant, but makes some things easier:
  \savedanchor\southwest{%
    \pgfmathsetlength\pgf@x{\pgfshapeminwidth}%
    \pgfmathsetlength\pgf@y{\pgfshapeminheight}%
    \pgf@x=-0.11\pgf@x
    \pgf@y=-0.15\pgf@y
  }
  % Inherit from rectangle
  \inheritanchorborder[from=rectangle]

  % Define same anchor a normal rectangle has
  \anchor{center}{\pgfpointorigin}
  \anchor{north}{\northeast \pgf@x=0pt}
  \anchor{east}{\northeast \pgf@y=0pt}
  \anchor{south}{\southwest \pgf@x=0pt}
  \anchor{west}{\southwest \pgf@y=0pt}
  \anchor{north east}{\northeast}
  \anchor{north west}{\northeast \pgf@x=-\pgf@x}
  \anchor{south west}{\southwest}
  \anchor{south east}{\southwest \pgf@x=-\pgf@x}
  \anchor{text}{
    \pgfpointorigin
    \advance\pgf@x by -.5\wd\pgfnodeparttextbox%
    \advance\pgf@y by -.5\ht\pgfnodeparttextbox%
    \advance\pgf@y by +.5\dp\pgfnodeparttextbox%
  }

  % Define anchors for signal ports

  \anchor{CLK}{
    \pgf@process{\northeast}%
    \pgf@x=0\pgf@x%
    \pgf@y=1\pgf@y%
  }
  \anchor{PC}{
    \pgf@process{\northeast}%
    \pgf@x=-2.5\pgf@x%
    \pgf@y=0\pgf@y%
  }

  \anchor{PCS}{
    \pgf@process{\northeast}%
    \pgf@x=2.5\pgf@x%
    \pgf@y=0\pgf@y%
  }

  % Draw the rectangle box and the port labels
  \backgroundpath{
    % Rectangle box
    \pgfpathrectanglecorners{\southwest}{\northeast}

    % Drawing Triangle for clock input
    % upper left x
    \southwest \pgf@xa=\pgf@x 
    \northeast \pgf@ya=\pgf@y \pgf@yb=\pgf@y \pgf@xb=\pgf@x
    \pgf@anchor@reg@CLK
    \pgf@xc=\pgf@x \pgf@yc=\pgf@y
    \pgfmathsetlength\pgf@x{1.3ex}
    \advance\pgf@xa by .15mm
    \advance\pgf@xb by -.15mm
    \advance\pgf@yc by -\pgf@x
    \pgfpathmoveto{\pgfpoint{\pgf@xa}{\pgf@ya}}
    \pgfpathlineto{\pgfpoint{\pgf@xb}{\pgf@yb}}
    \pgfpathlineto{\pgfpoint{\pgf@xc}{\pgf@yc}}
    \pgfclosepath


    \tikzset{flip flop/port labels} % Use font from this style
    \tikz@textfont



    %Drawing CLK circuit
    \pgf@anchor@reg@CLK
    \pgf@xa=\pgf@x \pgf@ya=\pgf@y
    \pgf@xb=\pgf@x \pgf@yb=\pgf@y
    \pgfmathsetlength\pgf@x{1.8ex}
    \advance\pgf@yb by \pgf@x
    \pgfpathmoveto{\pgfpoint{\pgf@xa}{\pgf@ya}}
    \pgfpathlineto{\pgfpoint{\pgf@xb}{\pgf@yb}}
    %Draw clock label
    \pgf@anchor@reg@CLK\pgftext[base,at={\pgfpoint{\pgf@x}{\pgf@y}}]{\raisebox{2.5ex}{CLK}}

    %Drawing PC circuit
    \pgf@anchor@reg@PC
    \pgf@ya=\pgf@y \pgf@yb=\pgf@y \pgf@xa=\pgf@x
    \pgf@anchor@reg@west
    \pgf@xb=\pgf@x 
    %\pgfmathsetlength\pgf@x{2.7ex}
    %\advance\pgf@xb by \pgf@x
    \pgfpathmoveto{\pgfpoint{\pgf@xa}{\pgf@ya}}
    \pgfpathlineto{\pgfpoint{\pgf@xb}{\pgf@yb}}
    \pgf@anchor@reg@PC\pgftext[base,at={\pgfpoint{\pgf@x+0.5ex}{\pgf@y}}]{\raisebox{.5ex}{PC}}

    %Drawing PC' circuit
    \pgf@anchor@reg@PCS
    \pgf@ya=\pgf@y \pgf@yb=\pgf@y\pgf@xa=\pgf@x 
    \pgf@anchor@reg@east
    \pgf@xb=\pgf@x 
    %\pgfmathsetlength\pgf@x{2.5ex}
    %\advance\pgf@xb by \pgf@x
    \pgfpathmoveto{\pgfpoint{\pgf@xa}{\pgf@ya}}
    \pgfpathlineto{\pgfpoint{\pgf@xb}{\pgf@yb}}
    \pgf@anchor@reg@PCS\pgftext[base,at={\pgfpoint{\pgf@x}{\pgf@y}}]{\raisebox{.5ex}{PC'}}
  }

}

在這里，我創建了一個在外部帶有一些連接點的形狀，它實際上效果很好。 但是我真的想在創建這個形狀時有一個參數，這樣我就可以指定端口的數量。

例如像這樣

\begin{tikzpicture}
    \node [reg,black!50,ports=3] (PC) at (0,0) {};
\end{tikzpicture}

但我在文檔中找不到允許自定義參數的內容。 我還想命名錨點 A1、A2 和 A3，但我似乎無法在名稱中添加數字，即使在文檔中明確指出“1”和“::”之類的名稱應該沒問題，但仍然“ A1”是。

如果有人對如何做到這一點有任何想法，我感謝您的幫助。 也許還有一些更好的參考來用 pgf 創建形狀。

為了編輯 tex 文件，我使用 Overleaf 和 pdflatex。

編輯：我現在發現您可以使用\pgfkeys向形狀添加參數，但它們似乎無法正常工作，我真的不知道該怎么做。

\def\microarchbasekey{/tikz/microarch}
\pgfkeys{\microarchbasekey/.is family}

\pgfdeclareshape{mux}{

    \pgfkeys{\microarchbasekey,inputs/.initial=2,spacing/.initial=5}

    \savedmacro{\numpins}{
        \def\numpins{\pgfkeysvalueof{\microarchbasekey/inputs}}
    }

    \saveddimen{\spacing}{
        \pgf@x = \pgfkeysvalueof{\microarchbasekey/spacing}
    }

%a lot of code down there
}

但它給了我以下錯誤

A number should have been here; I inserted `0'.
(If you can't figure out why I needed to see a number,
look up `weird error' in the index to The TeXbook.)

但我找不到代碼的缺失部分。

Answer 1

可能這是一個更適合TeX/LaTeX 網站的問題，但無論如何......

關鍵是以下幾點：

1. 為參數添加鍵。 請注意層次結構， node需要/tikz系列下的鍵：

    % % better to create a family, but as an example... \tikzset{flip flop/port labels/.initial={\tiny}} % % number of ports \tikzset{ports/.initial=4} % % we need a counter \newcount\tmp@a

2. 添加穩定（鏈接到特定節點，而不是通用形狀）參數，計算錨點的 position 所需的所有參數：

    % you have to save the relevant parameters as \savedmacro \savedmacro\numports{ \edef\numports{\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/ports}}% } % and \saveddimen \saveddimen\pinsdelta{ % you can't use savedmacros nor savedanchors here (bummer.) \edef\numports{\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/ports}}% \pgfmathsetlength\pgf@x{0.22*\pgfshapeminheight/(\numports+1)}% }

3. 在形狀定義中，您必須使用技巧添加錨點 --- 必須將錨點添加到形狀內部 function。 危險，因為開發人員可以在將來更改它（它已經發生了），但我不知道其他方法。

    % create input anchors % this touch internal things, so beware... % anchors are named pgf@anchor@<name-of-the-shape>@<name of the anchors> \pgfutil@g@addto@macro\pgf@sh@s@reg{% \tmp@a=\numports\relax \pgfmathloop% \ifnum\pgfmathcounter>\tmp@a% \else% % assign the anchor "in \pgfmathcounter" to the macro \reg@port with the number as argument \expandafter\xdef\csname pgf@anchor@reg@in \pgfmathcounter\endcsname{% \noexpand\reg@port{\pgfmathcounter}% defined below }% % \typeout{YAY\space\pgfmathcounter} \repeatpgfmathloop% }

4. 定義計算變量錨點的特定函數。 您必須在此處僅使用\saved...類型的參數，否則，您的錨點將使用參數的最后一個值，而不是節點指定的正確值。

    \def\reg@port#1{% % this macro has the function to return the position of the anchor % it must use only \savedanchors and \savedmacros % the parameter is the number of the anchor (see above) \northeast \pgf@x=-\pgf@x \pgf@ya=\pgf@y \pgfmathsetlength{\pgf@y}{\pgf@ya-(#1+0.5)*\pinsdelta}% }

現在，我不明白你是如何繪制你的形狀的，所以錨並不完全在它們應該在 go 的位置，但是很好：

我的完整代碼在這里：

\documentclass[border=10pt]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\makeatletter
%
% better to create a family, but as an example...
\tikzset{flip flop/port labels/.initial={\tiny}}
%
% number of ports
\tikzset{ports/.initial=4}
%
% we need a counter
\newcount\tmp@a

\pgfdeclareshape{reg}{

    % you have to save the relevant parameters as \savedmacro
    \savedmacro\numports{
        \edef\numports{\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/ports}}%
    }
    % and \saveddimen
    \saveddimen\pinsdelta{
        % you can't use savedmacros nor savedanchors here (bummer!)
        \edef\numports{\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/ports}}%
        \pgfmathsetlength\pgf@x{0.22*\pgfshapeminheight/(\numports+1)}%
    }

    % The 'minimum width' and 'minimum height' keys, not the content, determine
    % the size
    \savedanchor\northeast{%
        \pgfmathsetlength\pgf@x{\pgfshapeminwidth}%
        \pgfmathsetlength\pgf@y{\pgfshapeminheight}%
        \pgf@x=0.11\pgf@x
        \pgf@y=0.15\pgf@y
    }
    % This is redundant, but makes some things easier:
    \savedanchor\southwest{%
        \pgfmathsetlength\pgf@x{\pgfshapeminwidth}%
        \pgfmathsetlength\pgf@y{\pgfshapeminheight}%
        \pgf@x=-0.11\pgf@x
        \pgf@y=-0.15\pgf@y
    }
    % Inherit from rectangle
    \inheritanchorborder[from=rectangle]

    % Define same anchor a normal rectangle has
    \anchor{center}{\pgfpointorigin}
    \anchor{north}{\northeast \pgf@x=0pt}
    \anchor{east}{\northeast \pgf@y=0pt}
    \anchor{south}{\southwest \pgf@x=0pt}
    \anchor{west}{\southwest \pgf@y=0pt}
    \anchor{north east}{\northeast}
    \anchor{north west}{\northeast \pgf@x=-\pgf@x}
    \anchor{south west}{\southwest}
    \anchor{south east}{\southwest \pgf@x=-\pgf@x}
    \anchor{text}{
        \pgfpointorigin
        \advance\pgf@x by -.5\wd\pgfnodeparttextbox%
        \advance\pgf@y by -.5\ht\pgfnodeparttextbox%
        \advance\pgf@y by +.5\dp\pgfnodeparttextbox%
    }

    % Define anchors for signal ports

    \anchor{CLK}{
        \pgf@process{\northeast}%
        \pgf@x=0\pgf@x%
        \pgf@y=1\pgf@y%
    }
    \anchor{PC}{
        \pgf@process{\northeast}%
        \pgf@x=-2.5\pgf@x%
        \pgf@y=0\pgf@y%
    }

    \anchor{PCS}{
        \pgf@process{\northeast}%
        \pgf@x=2.5\pgf@x%
        \pgf@y=0\pgf@y%
    }

    % Draw the rectangle box and the port labels
    \backgroundpath{
        % Rectangle box
        \pgfpathrectanglecorners{\southwest}{\northeast}

        % Drawing Triangle for clock input
        % upper left x
        \southwest \pgf@xa=\pgf@x
        \northeast \pgf@ya=\pgf@y \pgf@yb=\pgf@y \pgf@xb=\pgf@x
        \pgf@anchor@reg@CLK
        \pgf@xc=\pgf@x \pgf@yc=\pgf@y
        \pgfmathsetlength\pgf@x{1.3ex}
        \advance\pgf@xa by .15mm
        \advance\pgf@xb by -.15mm
        \advance\pgf@yc by -\pgf@x
        \pgfpathmoveto{\pgfpoint{\pgf@xa}{\pgf@ya}}
        \pgfpathlineto{\pgfpoint{\pgf@xb}{\pgf@yb}}
        \pgfpathlineto{\pgfpoint{\pgf@xc}{\pgf@yc}}
        \pgfclosepath


        \tikzset{flip flop/port labels} % Use font from this style
        \tikz@textfont



        %Drawing CLK circuit
        \pgf@anchor@reg@CLK
        \pgf@xa=\pgf@x \pgf@ya=\pgf@y
        \pgf@xb=\pgf@x \pgf@yb=\pgf@y
        \pgfmathsetlength\pgf@x{1.8ex}
        \advance\pgf@yb by \pgf@x
        \pgfpathmoveto{\pgfpoint{\pgf@xa}{\pgf@ya}}
        \pgfpathlineto{\pgfpoint{\pgf@xb}{\pgf@yb}}
        %Draw clock label
        \pgf@anchor@reg@CLK\pgftext[base,at={\pgfpoint{\pgf@x}{\pgf@y}}]{\raisebox{2.5ex}{CLK}}

        %Drawing PC circuit
        \pgf@anchor@reg@PC
        \pgf@ya=\pgf@y \pgf@yb=\pgf@y \pgf@xa=\pgf@x
        \pgf@anchor@reg@west
        \pgf@xb=\pgf@x
        %\pgfmathsetlength\pgf@x{2.7ex}
        %\advance\pgf@xb by \pgf@x
        \pgfpathmoveto{\pgfpoint{\pgf@xa}{\pgf@ya}}
        \pgfpathlineto{\pgfpoint{\pgf@xb}{\pgf@yb}}
        \pgf@anchor@reg@PC\pgftext[base,at={\pgfpoint{\pgf@x+0.5ex}{\pgf@y}}]{\raisebox{.5ex}{PC}}

        %Drawing PC' circuit
        \pgf@anchor@reg@PCS
        \pgf@ya=\pgf@y \pgf@yb=\pgf@y\pgf@xa=\pgf@x
        \pgf@anchor@reg@east
        \pgf@xb=\pgf@x
        %\pgfmathsetlength\pgf@x{2.5ex}
        %\advance\pgf@xb by \pgf@x
        \pgfpathmoveto{\pgfpoint{\pgf@xa}{\pgf@ya}}
        \pgfpathlineto{\pgfpoint{\pgf@xb}{\pgf@yb}}
        \pgf@anchor@reg@PCS\pgftext[base,at={\pgfpoint{\pgf@x}{\pgf@y}}]{\raisebox{.5ex}{PC'}}
    }

    % create input anchors
    % this touch internal things, so beware...
    % anchors are named pgf@anchor@<name-of-the-shape>@<name of the anchors>
    \pgfutil@g@addto@macro\pgf@sh@s@reg{%
        \tmp@a=\numports\relax
        \pgfmathloop%
        \ifnum\pgfmathcounter>\tmp@a%
        \else%
        % assign the anchor "in \pgfmathcounter" to the macro \reg@port with the number as argument
        \expandafter\xdef\csname pgf@anchor@reg@in \pgfmathcounter\endcsname{%
            \noexpand\reg@port{\pgfmathcounter}% defined below
        }%
        % \typeout{YAY\space\pgfmathcounter}
        \repeatpgfmathloop%
    }

}
%
\def\reg@port#1{%
    % this macro has the function to return the position of the anchor
    % it must use only \savedanchors and \savedmacros
    % the parameter is the number of the anchor (see above)
    \northeast
    \pgf@x=-\pgf@x
    \pgf@ya=\pgf@y
    \pgfmathsetlength{\pgf@y}{\pgf@ya-(#1+0.5)*\pinsdelta}%
}
\makeatother

%%% handy macro to show the anchors

\def\showcoord(#1)<#2:#3>{%
    node[circle, red, draw, inner sep=1pt,pin={%
        [red, inner sep=0.5pt, font=\small,
        pin distance=#3cm, pin edge={red, }%
    ]#2:#1}](#1){}}

\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
    \node [draw,reg,minimum width=3cm, minimum height=3cm, black!50] (PC1) at (0,0) {};
    \path (PC1.north west) \showcoord(NW)<45:0.2>;
    \node [draw, reg,black!50,minimum width=3cm, minimum height=5cm, ports=6, blue] (PC2) at (3,0) {};
    \foreach \p in {1,...,4} \path(PC1.in \p) \showcoord(in \p)<145:0.3>;
    \foreach \p in {1,...,6} \path(PC2.in \p) \showcoord(in \p)<145:0.3>;
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}