如何在單元測試中將 QuerySelectField 表單數據發送到 Flask 視圖？

Question

我正在嘗試在我正在處理的 flask 應用程序中測試編輯和添加視圖。 該網站的一個版本已部署並且視圖工作正常，但我正在進行的測試似乎沒有正確傳遞 QuerySelectField 數據。 此外，在測試中，我檢查表單數據是否有效並且它確實有效，所以它應該通過。

下面是測試：

class TestingWhileLoggedIn(TestCase):
    def create_app(self):
        app = c_app(TestConfiguration)
        return app

    # executed prior to each test
    def setUp(self):
        self.app_context = self.app.app_context()
        self.app_context.push()
        db.create_all()

        login(self.client, '******', '******')

    # executed after each test
    def tearDown(self):
        db.session.remove()
        db.drop_all()
        self.app_context.pop()

        logout(self.client)

    def test_add_post_page_li(self):
        p_cat = PostCategory(name='Resources')
        p_cat1 = PostCategory(name='Ressdgources')
        p_cat2 = PostCategory(name='Ressdgsdgources')
        p_cat3 = PostCategory(name='Reurces')
        db.session.add(p_cat)
        db.session.add(p_cat1)
        db.session.add(p_cat2)
        db.session.add(p_cat3)
        db.session.commit()

        all_cats = PostCategory.query.all()

        self.assertEqual([p_cat,p_cat1,p_cat2,p_cat3], all_cats)

        response = self.client.get('/add_post', follow_redirects=False)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)

        data = dict(title='Hello', content='fagkjkjas', category=p_cat)

        form = PostForm(data=data)

        # this test passes!
        self.assertEqual(form.validate(), True)

        # printing the data to see what it is
        print(form.data)

        response_1 = self.client.post('/add_post', follow_redirects=False, data=form.data, content_type='multipart/form-data')

        # this one fails
        self.assertEqual(response_1.status_code, 302)

        new_post = db.session.query(Post).filter_by(name='Hello').first()

        self.assertNotEqual(new_post, None)

以下是測試中的終端 output。 最后兩次失敗與我發布的問題相同，因此我將它們排除在外。

.......................................{'title': None, 'category': None, 'content': None, 'submit': False}
{'title': 'Hello', 'category': <PostCategory 'Resources'>, 'content': 'fagkjkjas', 'submit': False}
{'title': 'Hello', 'category': None, 'content': 'fagkjkjas', 'submit': True}
F.F.......F..
======================================================================
FAIL: test_add_post_page_li (__main__.TestingWhileLoggedIn)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "tests.py", line 165, in test_add_post_page_li
    self.assertEqual(response_1.status_code, 302)
AssertionError: 200 != 302

字典打印輸出來自我注入的一些打印語句，以幫助我理解問題。 第一個字典是當沒有表單提交到 add_post 視圖時，第二個字典來自測試，它顯示已填寫的類別字段，最后一個來自顯示未填充類別的 add_post 視圖。

下面是 add_post 視圖：

@blogs.route('/add_post', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def add_post():
    """
    Add a blog post
    """
    if not session.get('logged_in'):
        return redirect(url_for('other.home'))

    form = PostForm()

    print(form.data)

    if form.validate_on_submit():
        new_post = Post(name=form.title.data, content=form.content.data, category_id=form.category.data.id, category=form.category.data)

        print('hello')

        try:
            db.session.add(new_post)
            db.session.commit()
        except:
            # not the best behaviour and should change
            return redirect(url_for('other.home'))

        return redirect(url_for('other.home'))

    return render_template('add_post.html', form=form)

這是包含 PostForm 的 forms.py 文件

from flask_wtf import FlaskForm
from wtforms import StringField, SubmitField, TextAreaField
from wtforms.validators import DataRequired
from wtforms.ext.sqlalchemy.fields import QuerySelectField
from ..models import PostCategory

#
# This function is designed to obtain choices for the categories in the PostForm.
#
def category_choices() :
    return PostCategory.query



#
# PostForm
# Purpose:
#     Gives the user a way to input information into the post table.
#
# Fields:
#     Title: String Field (Required)
#     Category: QuerySelectField (Required)
#       Obtains the categories from the database. As of right now there exists
#       only two categories (Travel and Projects)
#
#     Content: Text Field (Required)
#     Submit: Submit Field
#
class PostForm(FlaskForm):
    """
    Form that lets the user add a new post
    """

    title = StringField('Title', validators=[DataRequired()])
    category = QuerySelectField('Category', validators=[DataRequired()], query_factory=category_choices)
    content = TextAreaField('Content', validators=[DataRequired()])

    submit = SubmitField('Submit')


#
# PostCategoryForm
# Purpose:
#     allows user to add new subcategories
#
# Fields:
#     Name: String Field (Required)
#     Submit: SubmitField
#
class PostCategoryForm(FlaskForm) :
    """
    Form used to submit new subcategories
    """
    name = StringField('Name', validators=[DataRequired()])

    submit = SubmitField('Submit')

下面是配置文件

import os
from os.path import abspath, dirname, join

# _cwd = dirname(abspath(__file__))

_basedir = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))


TOP_LEVEL_DIR = os.path.abspath(os.curdir)

class Config(object) :
    pass

class BaseConfiguration(object):
    SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS = False


class ProductionConfiguration(BaseConfiguration):
    SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI = '**********************'
    SQLALCHEMY_POOL_PRE_PING = True
    SQLALCHEMY_ENGINE_OPTIONS = {'pool_recycle' : 3600}
    SECRET_KEY = '******************'
    UPLOAD_FOLDER = TOP_LEVEL_DIR + '/app/static'


class TestConfiguration(BaseConfiguration):
    TESTING = True
    WTF_CSRF_ENABLED = False

    SECRET_KEY = '*************'

    SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI = 'sqlite:///' + os.path.join(_basedir, 'testing.sqlite')

在我看來，wtforms 在測試環境中沒有發送 QuerySelectView 但我不知道為什么。 任何幫助表示贊賞。

編輯：在我最初的問題中，我沒有明確表示這只是具有 QuerySelectField 的 forms 的問題。 沒有 QuerySelectField 的 Forms 正在工作並通過所有測試。

Answer 1

Flask discord 服務器上的一個樂於助人的人能夠為我回答這個問題。

問題是 Flask-wtforms 不會傳遞 model 的整個實例，而是只傳遞主鍵。 解決方案是只傳遞數據字典中的主鍵，如下所示：

class TestingWhileLoggedIn(TestCase):
    def create_app(self):
        app = c_app(TestConfiguration)
        return app

    # executed prior to each test
    def setUp(self):
        self.app_context = self.app.app_context()
        self.app_context.push()
        db.create_all()

        login(self.client, '******', '*****')

    # executed after each test
    def tearDown(self):
        db.session.remove()
        db.drop_all()
        self.app_context.pop()

        logout(self.client)

    def test_add_post_page_li(self):
        p_cat = PostCategory(name='Resources')
        p_cat1 = PostCategory(name='Ressdgources')
        p_cat2 = PostCategory(name='Ressdgsdgources')
        p_cat3 = PostCategory(name='Reurces')
        db.session.add(p_cat)
        db.session.add(p_cat1)
        db.session.add(p_cat2)
        db.session.add(p_cat3)
        db.session.commit()

        all_cats = PostCategory.query.all()

        self.assertEqual([p_cat,p_cat1,p_cat2,p_cat3], all_cats)

        response = self.client.get('/add_post', follow_redirects=False)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)

        # the following line was changed from having category=p_cat to
        # category=p_cat.id
        data = dict(title='Hello', content='fagkjkjas', category=p_cat.id)

        #
        # The following code has been commented out since it is no longer needed
        #
        # form = PostForm(data=data)
        #
        # this would not pass anymore
        # self.assertEqual(form.validate(), True)
        #
        # printing the data to see what it is
        # print(form.data)


        # This line was changed from having data=form.data to data=data
        response_1 = self.client.post('/add_post', follow_redirects=False, data=data, content_type='multipart/form-data')

        # this one fails
        self.assertEqual(response_1.status_code, 302)

        new_post = db.session.query(Post).filter_by(name='Hello').first()

        self.assertNotEqual(new_post, None)