如何使用 python 在 Excel 中創建 pivot 表 win32com

Question

• 給定一個現有的 Excel 文件，數據為長格式

  • 

• 使用 Python win32com模塊在 Excel 中自動創建以下 pivot 表

  • 

• 以下是使用數據設置test.xlsx並連接以創建 Excel com object 的代碼

進口

import win32com.client as win32
from pathlib import Path
import sys
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import random
from datetime import datetime

win32c = win32.constants

Function 創建test.xlsx

• 此 function 僅提供測試數據和文件

def create_test_excel_file(f_path: Path, f_name: str, sheet_name: str):
    
    filename = f_path / f_name
    random.seed(365)
    np.random.seed(365)
    number_of_data_rows = 1000
    
    # create list of 31 dates
    dates = pd.bdate_range(datetime(2020, 7, 1), freq='1d', periods=31).tolist()

    data = {'date': [random.choice(dates) for _ in range(number_of_data_rows)],
            'expense': [random.choice(['business', 'personal']) for _ in range(number_of_data_rows)],
            'products': [random.choice(['book', 'ribeye', 'coffee', 'salmon', 'alcohol', 'pie']) for _ in range(number_of_data_rows)],
            'price': np.random.normal(15, 5, size=(1, number_of_data_rows))[0]}

    pd.DataFrame(data).to_excel(filename, index=False, sheet_name=sheet_name, float_format='%.2f')

Function 創建 Excel com object

def run_excel(f_path: Path, f_name: str, sheet_name: str):

    filename = f_path / f_name

    # create excel object
    excel = win32.gencache.EnsureDispatch('Excel.Application')

    # excel can be visible or not
    excel.Visible = True  # False
    
    # try except for file / path
    try:
        wb = excel.Workbooks.Open(filename)
    except com_error as e:
        if e.excepinfo[5] == -2146827284:
            print(f'Failed to open spreadsheet.  Invalid filename or location: {filename}')
        else:
            raise e
        sys.exit(1)

    # set worksheet
    ws1 = wb.Sheets('data')
    
#     wb.Close(True)
#     excel.Quit()

主要的

def main():
    # sheet name for data
    sheet_name = 'data'  # update with sheet name from your file
    # file path
    f_path = Path.cwd()  # file in current working directory
#   f_path = Path(r'c:\...\Documents')  # file located somewhere else
    # excel file
    f_name = 'test.xlsx'
    
    # function calls
    create_test_excel_file(f_path, f_name, sheet_name)  # remove when running your own file
    run_excel(f_path, f_name, sheet_name)

Answer 1

• 找出正確使用的 Excel 方法的一種有用方法是在 Excel 中記錄分步宏，同時以您想要的形式創建 pivot 表。
  • 這對於創建 pivot 表很有用，該表必須在包含現有數據的文件中定期運行。
• 使用問題中的導入和方法
• 為新數據文件修改此代碼
  • 更新def main
    • sheet_name
    • f_path
    • f_name
  • 更新def run_excel
    • ws1
    • ws2_name
    • pt_name
    • pt_rows
    • pt_cols
    • pt_filters
    • pt_fields
  • 調用main()運行代碼

樞軸表pivot_table

def pivot_table(wb: object, ws1: object, pt_ws: object, ws_name: str, pt_name: str, pt_rows: list, pt_cols: list, pt_filters: list, pt_fields: list):
    """
    wb = workbook1 reference
    ws1 = worksheet1
    pt_ws = pivot table worksheet number
    ws_name = pivot table worksheet name
    pt_name = name given to pivot table
    pt_rows, pt_cols, pt_filters, pt_fields: values selected for filling the pivot tables
    """

    # pivot table location
    pt_loc = len(pt_filters) + 2
    
    # grab the pivot table source data
    pc = wb.PivotCaches().Create(SourceType=win32c.xlDatabase, SourceData=ws1.UsedRange)
    
    # create the pivot table object
    pc.CreatePivotTable(TableDestination=f'{ws_name}!R{pt_loc}C1', TableName=pt_name)

    # selecte the pivot table work sheet and location to create the pivot table
    pt_ws.Select()
    pt_ws.Cells(pt_loc, 1).Select()

    # Sets the rows, columns and filters of the pivot table

    for field_list, field_r in ((pt_filters, win32c.xlPageField), (pt_rows, win32c.xlRowField), (pt_cols, win32c.xlColumnField)):
        for i, value in enumerate(field_list):
            pt_ws.PivotTables(pt_name).PivotFields(value).Orientation = field_r
            pt_ws.PivotTables(pt_name).PivotFields(value).Position = i + 1

    # Sets the Values of the pivot table
    for field in pt_fields:
        pt_ws.PivotTables(pt_name).AddDataField(pt_ws.PivotTables(pt_name).PivotFields(field[0]), field[1], field[2]).NumberFormat = field[3]

    # Visiblity True or Valse
    pt_ws.PivotTables(pt_name).ShowValuesRow = True
    pt_ws.PivotTables(pt_name).ColumnGrand = True

更新run_excel以調用pivot_table

def run_excel(f_path: Path, f_name: str, sheet_name: str):

    filename = f_path / f_name

    # create excel object
    excel = win32.gencache.EnsureDispatch('Excel.Application')

    # excel can be visible or not
    excel.Visible = True  # False
    
    # try except for file / path
    try:
        wb = excel.Workbooks.Open(filename)
    except com_error as e:
        if e.excepinfo[5] == -2146827284:
            print(f'Failed to open spreadsheet.  Invalid filename or location: {filename}')
        else:
            raise e
        sys.exit(1)

    # set worksheet
    ws1 = wb.Sheets('data')
    
    # Setup and call pivot_table
    ws2_name = 'pivot_table'
    wb.Sheets.Add().Name = ws2_name
    ws2 = wb.Sheets(ws2_name)
    
    pt_name = 'example'
    pt_rows = ['expense']
    pt_cols = ['products']
    pt_filters = ['date']
    # [0]: field name [1]: pivot table column name [3]: calulation method [4]: number format
    pt_fields = [['price', 'price: mean', win32c.xlAverage, '$#,##0.00'],  
                 ['price', 'price: sum', win32c.xlSum, '$#,##0.00'],
                 ['price', 'price: count', win32c.xlCount, '0']]
    
    pivot_table(wb, ws1, ws2, ws2_name, pt_name, pt_rows, pt_cols, pt_filters, pt_fields)
    
#     wb.Close(True)
#     excel.Quit()

資源

• Jupyter Notebook：如何使用 Python win32com 模塊在 Excel 中創建 Pivot 表
• 使用 Python 自動化 Excel
  • Pivot 表示例
• 使用 Python win32com 獲取 Excel 工作表列表
• Excel VBA 參考
• 工作簿 object (Excel)
• 工作表 object (Excel)