如何在根 window tkinter 中獲得不同的 windows
[英]How to get different windows in root window tkinter
問題描述
大家好，我正在嘗試使用 tkinter 制作銷售點軟件。 在示例圖片中，我想創建一個根 window 但在單擊任何菜單按鈕時顯示不同的內容，現在我不想在單擊設置按鈕時創建單獨的 windows，我希望設置顯示在同一個根 Z05B1C74CBD902FBF24Z4 ，我應該為此使用框架還是應該使用什么小部件？ 我是新手，任何幫助將不勝感激:)))
1 個解決方案
解決方案1
0 2020-07-14 18:37:27
請參閱以下關於如何做到這一點的答案： Switch between two frames in tkinter
在旁注中，我還創建了一個關於如何實現幀之間切換以及包含登錄/注冊頁面的要點。 您可以將代碼復制並粘貼到文本編輯器中以自己演示。 （請記住，它非常松散地遵循架構模式）。 https://gist.github.com/RamonWill/0422b061464097a7a0162f33e4c13a2e代碼如下：
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import messagebox
from tkinter import ttk
# You can also use a pandas dataframe for pokemon_info.
# you can convert the dataframe using df.to_numpy.tolist()
pokemon_info = [['Bulbasaur', 'Grass', '318'], ['Ivysaur', 'Grass', '405'], ['Venusaur', 'Grass', '525'], ['Charmander', 'Fire', '309'], ['Charmeleon', 'Fire', '405'], ['Charizard', 'Fire', '534'], ['Squirtle', 'Water', '314'], ['Wartortle', 'Water', '405'], ['Blastoise', 'Water', '530'], ['Caterpie', 'Bug', '195'], ['Metapod', 'Bug', '205'], ['Butterfree', 'Bug', '395'], ['Weedle', 'Bug', '195'], ['Kakuna', 'Bug', '205'], ['Beedrill', 'Bug', '395'], ['Pidgey', 'Normal', '251'], ['Pidgeotto', 'Normal', '349'], ['Pidgeot', 'Normal', '479'], ['Rattata', 'Normal', '253'], ['Raticate', 'Normal', '413'], ['Spearow', 'Normal', '262'], ['Fearow', 'Normal', '442'], ['Ekans', 'Poison', '288'], ['Arbok', 'Poison', '448'], ['Pikachu', 'Electric', '320'], ['Raichu', 'Electric', '485'], ['Sandshrew', 'Ground', '300'], ['Sandslash', 'Ground', '450'], ['Nidoran?', 'Poison', '275'], ['Nidorina', 'Poison', '365'], ['Nidoqueen', 'Poison', '505'], ['Nidoran?', 'Poison', '273'], ['Nidorino', 'Poison', '365'], ['Nidoking', 'Poison', '505'], ['Clefairy', 'Fairy', '323'], ['Clefable', 'Fairy', '483'], ['Vulpix', 'Fire', '299'], ['Ninetales', 'Fire', '505'], ['Jigglypuff', 'Normal', '270'], ['Wigglytuff', 'Normal', '435'], ['Zubat', 'Poison', '245'], ['Golbat', 'Poison', '455'], ['Oddish', 'Grass', '320'], ['Gloom', 'Grass', '395'], ['Vileplume', 'Grass', '490'], ['Paras', 'Bug', '285'], ['Parasect', 'Bug', '405'], ['Venonat', 'Bug', '305'], ['Venomoth', 'Bug', '450'], ['Diglett', 'Ground', '265'], ['Dugtrio', 'Ground', '425'], ['Meowth', 'Normal', '290'], ['Persian', 'Normal', '440'], ['Psyduck', 'Water', '320'], ['Golduck', 'Water', '500'], ['Mankey', 'Fighting', '305'], ['Primeape', 'Fighting', '455'], ['Growlithe', 'Fire', '350'], ['Arcanine', 'Fire', '555'], ['Poliwag', 'Water', '300'], ['Poliwhirl', 'Water', '385'], ['Poliwrath', 'Water', '510'], ['Abra', 'Psychic', '310'], ['Kadabra', 'Psychic', '400'], ['Alakazam', 'Psychic', '500'], ['Machop', 'Fighting', '305'], ['Machoke', 'Fighting', '405'], ['Machamp', 'Fighting', '505'], ['Bellsprout', 'Grass', '300'], ['Weepinbell', 'Grass', '390'], ['Victreebel', 'Grass', '490'], ['Tentacool', 'Water', '335'], ['Tentacruel', 'Water', '515'], ['Geodude', 'Rock', '300'], ['Graveler', 'Rock', '390'], ['Golem', 'Rock', '495'], ['Ponyta', 'Fire', '410'], ['Rapidash', 'Fire', '500'], ['Slowpoke', 'Water', '315'], ['Slowbro', 'Water', '490'], ['Magnemite', 'Electric', '325'], ['Magneton', 'Electric', '465'], ["Farfetch'd", 'Normal', '377'], ['Doduo', 'Normal', '310'], ['Dodrio', 'Normal', '470'], ['Seel', 'Water', '325'], ['Dewgong', 'Water', '475'], ['Grimer', 'Poison', '325'], ['Muk', 'Poison', '500'], ['Shellder', 'Water', '305'], ['Cloyster', 'Water', '525'], ['Gastly', 'Ghost', '310'], ['Haunter', 'Ghost', '405'], ['Gengar', 'Ghost', '500'], ['Onix', 'Rock', '385'], ['Drowzee', 'Psychic', '328'], ['Hypno', 'Psychic', '483'], ['Krabby', 'Water', '325'], ['Kingler', 'Water', '475'], ['Voltorb', 'Electric', '330'], ['Electrode', 'Electric', '490'], ['Exeggcute', 'Grass', '325'], ['Exeggutor', 'Grass', '530'], ['Cubone', 'Ground', '320'], ['Marowak', 'Ground', '425'], ['Hitmonlee', 'Fighting', '455'], ['Hitmonchan', 'Fighting', '455'], ['Lickitung', 'Normal', '385'], ['Koffing', 'Poison', '340'], ['Weezing', 'Poison', '490'], ['Rhyhorn', 'Ground', '345'], ['Rhydon', 'Ground', '485'], ['Chansey', 'Normal', '450'], ['Tangela', 'Grass', '435'], ['Kangaskhan', 'Normal', '490'], ['Horsea', 'Water', '295'], ['Seadra', 'Water', '440'], ['Goldeen', 'Water', '320'], ['Seaking', 'Water', '450'], ['Staryu', 'Water', '340'], ['Starmie', 'Water', '520'], ['Scyther', 'Bug', '500'], ['Jynx', 'Ice', '455'], ['Electabuzz', 'Electric', '490'], ['Magmar', 'Fire', '495'], ['Pinsir', 'Bug', '500'], ['Tauros', 'Normal', '490'], ['Magikarp', 'Water', '200'], ['Gyarados', 'Water', '540'], ['Lapras', 'Water', '535'], ['Ditto', 'Normal', '288'], ['Eevee', 'Normal', '325'], ['Vaporeon', 'Water', '525'], ['Jolteon', 'Electric', '525'], ['Flareon', 'Fire', '525'], ['Porygon', 'Normal', '395'], ['Omanyte', 'Rock', '355'], ['Omastar', 'Rock', '495'], ['Kabuto', 'Rock', '355'], ['Kabutops', 'Rock', '495'], ['Aerodactyl', 'Rock', '515'], ['Snorlax', 'Normal', '540'], ['Articuno', 'Ice', '580'], ['Zapdos', 'Electric', '580'], ['Moltres', 'Fire', '580'], ['Dratini', 'Dragon', '300'], ['Dragonair', 'Dragon', '420'], ['Dragonite', 'Dragon', '600'], ['Mewtwo', 'Psychic', '680'], ['Mew', 'Psychic', '600']]
frame_styles = {"relief": "groove",
"bd": 3, "bg": "#BEB2A7",
"fg": "#073bb3", "font": ("Arial", 9, "bold")}
class LoginPage(tk.Tk):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
tk.Tk.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
main_frame = tk.Frame(self, bg="#708090", height=431, width=626) # this is the background
main_frame.pack(fill="both", expand="true")
self.geometry("626x431") # Sets window size to 626w x 431h pixels
self.resizable(0, 0) # This prevents any resizing of the screen
title_styles = {"font": ("Trebuchet MS Bold", 16), "background": "blue"}
text_styles = {"font": ("Verdana", 14),
"background": "blue",
"foreground": "#E1FFFF"}
frame_login = tk.Frame(main_frame, bg="blue", relief="groove", bd=2) # this is the frame that holds all the login details and buttons
frame_login.place(rely=0.30, relx=0.17, height=130, width=400)
label_title = tk.Label(frame_login, title_styles, text="Login Page")
label_title.grid(row=0, column=1, columnspan=1)
label_user = tk.Label(frame_login, text_styles, text="Username:")
label_user.grid(row=1, column=0)
label_pw = tk.Label(frame_login, text_styles, text="Password:")
label_pw.grid(row=2, column=0)
entry_user = ttk.Entry(frame_login, width=45, cursor="xterm")
entry_user.grid(row=1, column=1)
entry_pw = ttk.Entry(frame_login, width=45, cursor="xterm", show="*")
entry_pw.grid(row=2, column=1)
button = ttk.Button(frame_login, text="Login", command=lambda: getlogin())
button.place(rely=0.70, relx=0.50)
signup_btn = ttk.Button(frame_login, text="Register", command=lambda: get_signup())
signup_btn.place(rely=0.70, relx=0.75)
def get_signup():
SignupPage()
def getlogin():
username = entry_user.get()
password = entry_pw.get()
# if your want to run the script as it is set validation = True
validation = validate(username, password)
if validation:
tk.messagebox.showinfo("Login Successful",
"Welcome {}".format(username))
root.deiconify()
top.destroy()
else:
tk.messagebox.showerror("Information", "The Username or Password you have entered are incorrect ")
def validate(username, password):
# Checks the text file for a username/password combination.
try:
with open("credentials.txt", "r") as credentials:
for line in credentials:
line = line.split(",")
if line[1] == username and line[3] == password:
return True
return False
except FileNotFoundError:
print("You need to Register first or amend Line 71 to if True:")
return False
class SignupPage(tk.Tk):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
tk.Tk.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
main_frame = tk.Frame(self, bg="#3F6BAA", height=150, width=250)
# pack_propagate prevents the window resizing to match the widgets
main_frame.pack_propagate(0)
main_frame.pack(fill="both", expand="true")
self.geometry("250x150")
self.resizable(0, 0)
self.title("Registration")
text_styles = {"font": ("Verdana", 10),
"background": "#3F6BAA",
"foreground": "#E1FFFF"}
label_user = tk.Label(main_frame, text_styles, text="New Username:")
label_user.grid(row=1, column=0)
label_pw = tk.Label(main_frame, text_styles, text="New Password:")
label_pw.grid(row=2, column=0)
entry_user = ttk.Entry(main_frame, width=20, cursor="xterm")
entry_user.grid(row=1, column=1)
entry_pw = ttk.Entry(main_frame, width=20, cursor="xterm", show="*")
entry_pw.grid(row=2, column=1)
button = ttk.Button(main_frame, text="Create Account", command=lambda: signup())
button.grid(row=4, column=1)
def signup():
# Creates a text file with the Username and password
user = entry_user.get()
pw = entry_pw.get()
validation = validate_user(user)
if not validation:
tk.messagebox.showerror("Information", "That Username already exists")
else:
if len(pw) > 3:
credentials = open("credentials.txt", "a")
credentials.write(f"Username,{user},Password,{pw},\n")
credentials.close()
tk.messagebox.showinfo("Information", "Your account details have been stored.")
SignupPage.destroy(self)
else:
tk.messagebox.showerror("Information", "Your password needs to be longer than 3 values.")
def validate_user(username):
# Checks the text file for a username/password combination.
try:
with open("credentials.txt", "r") as credentials:
for line in credentials:
line = line.split(",")
if line[1] == username:
return False
return True
except FileNotFoundError:
return True
class MenuBar(tk.Menu):
def __init__(self, parent):
tk.Menu.__init__(self, parent)
menu_file = tk.Menu(self, tearoff=0)
self.add_cascade(label="Menu1", menu=menu_file)
menu_file.add_command(label="All Widgets", command=lambda: parent.show_frame(Some_Widgets))
menu_file.add_separator()
menu_file.add_command(label="Exit Application", command=lambda: parent.Quit_application())
menu_orders = tk.Menu(self, tearoff=0)
self.add_cascade(label="Menu2", menu=menu_orders)
menu_pricing = tk.Menu(self, tearoff=0)
self.add_cascade(label="Menu3", menu=menu_pricing)
menu_pricing.add_command(label="Page One", command=lambda: parent.show_frame(PageOne))
menu_operations = tk.Menu(self, tearoff=0)
self.add_cascade(label="Menu4", menu=menu_operations)
menu_operations.add_command(label="Page Two", command=lambda: parent.show_frame(PageTwo))
menu_positions = tk.Menu(menu_operations, tearoff=0)
menu_operations.add_cascade(label="Menu5", menu=menu_positions)
menu_positions.add_command(label="Page Three", command=lambda: parent.show_frame(PageThree))
menu_positions.add_command(label="Page Four", command=lambda: parent.show_frame(PageFour))
menu_help = tk.Menu(self, tearoff=0)
self.add_cascade(label="Menu6", menu=menu_help)
menu_help.add_command(label="Open New Window", command=lambda: parent.OpenNewWindow())
class MyApp(tk.Tk):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
tk.Tk.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
main_frame = tk.Frame(self, bg="#84CEEB", height=600, width=1024)
main_frame.pack_propagate(0)
main_frame.pack(fill="both", expand="true")
main_frame.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
main_frame.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
# self.resizable(0, 0) prevents the app from being resized
# self.geometry("1024x600") fixes the applications size
self.frames = {}
pages = (Some_Widgets, PageOne, PageTwo, PageThree, PageFour)
for F in pages:
frame = F(main_frame, self)
self.frames[F] = frame
frame.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky="nsew")
self.show_frame(Some_Widgets)
menubar = MenuBar(self)
tk.Tk.config(self, menu=menubar)
def show_frame(self, name):
frame = self.frames[name]
frame.tkraise()
def OpenNewWindow(self):
OpenNewWindow()
def Quit_application(self):
self.destroy()
class GUI(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent):
tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
self.main_frame = tk.Frame(self, bg="#BEB2A7", height=600, width=1024)
# self.main_frame.pack_propagate(0)
self.main_frame.pack(fill="both", expand="true")
self.main_frame.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
self.main_frame.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
class Some_Widgets(GUI): # inherits from the GUI class
def __init__(self, parent, controller):
GUI.__init__(self, parent)
frame1 = tk.LabelFrame(self, frame_styles, text="This is a LabelFrame containing a Treeview")
frame1.place(rely=0.05, relx=0.02, height=400, width=400)
frame2 = tk.LabelFrame(self, frame_styles, text="Some widgets")
frame2.place(rely=0.05, relx=0.45, height=500, width=500)
button1 = tk.Button(frame2, text="tk button", command=lambda: Refresh_data())
button1.pack()
button2 = ttk.Button(frame2, text="ttk button", command=lambda: Refresh_data())
button2.pack()
Var1 = tk.IntVar()
Var2 = tk.IntVar()
Cbutton1 = tk.Checkbutton(frame2, text="tk CheckButton1", variable=Var1, onvalue=1, offvalue=0)
Cbutton1.pack()
Cbutton2 = tk.Checkbutton(frame2, text="tk CheckButton2", variable=Var2, onvalue=1, offvalue=0)
Cbutton2.pack()
Cbutton3 = ttk.Checkbutton(frame2, text="ttk CheckButton1", variable=Var1, onvalue=1, offvalue=0)
Cbutton3.pack()
Cbutton3 = ttk.Checkbutton(frame2, text="ttk CheckButton2", variable=Var2, onvalue=1, offvalue=0)
Cbutton3.pack()
Lbox1 = tk.Listbox(frame2, selectmode="multiple")
Lbox1.insert(1, "This is a tk ListBox")
Lbox1.insert(2, "Github")
Lbox1.insert(3, "Python")
Lbox1.insert(3, "StackOverflow")
Lbox1.pack(side="left")
Var3 = tk.IntVar()
R1 = tk.Radiobutton(frame2, text="tk Radiobutton1", variable=Var3, value=1)
R1.pack()
R2 = tk.Radiobutton(frame2, text="tk Radiobutton2", variable=Var3, value=2)
R2.pack()
R3 = tk.Radiobutton(frame2, text="tk Radiobutton3", variable=Var3, value=3)
R3.pack()
R4 = tk.Radiobutton(frame2, text="ttk Radiobutton1", variable=Var3, value=1)
R4.pack()
R5 = tk.Radiobutton(frame2, text="ttk Radiobutton2", variable=Var3, value=2)
R5.pack()
R6 = tk.Radiobutton(frame2, text="ttk Radiobutton3", variable=Var3, value=3)
R6.pack()
# This is a treeview.
tv1 = ttk.Treeview(frame1)
column_list_account = ["Name", "Type", "Base Stat Total"]
tv1['columns'] = column_list_account
tv1["show"] = "headings" # removes empty column
for column in column_list_account:
tv1.heading(column, text=column)
tv1.column(column, width=50)
tv1.place(relheight=1, relwidth=0.995)
treescroll = tk.Scrollbar(frame1)
treescroll.configure(command=tv1.yview)
tv1.configure(yscrollcommand=treescroll.set)
treescroll.pack(side="right", fill="y")
def Load_data():
for row in pokemon_info:
tv1.insert("", "end", values=row)
def Refresh_data():
# Deletes the data in the current treeview and reinserts it.
tv1.delete(*tv1.get_children()) # *=splat operator
Load_data()
Load_data()
class PageOne(GUI):
def __init__(self, parent, controller):
GUI.__init__(self, parent)
label1 = tk.Label(self.main_frame, font=("Verdana", 20), text="Page One")
label1.pack(side="top")
class PageThree(GUI):
def __init__(self, parent, controller):
GUI.__init__(self, parent)
label1 = tk.Label(self.main_frame, font=("Verdana", 20), text="Page Three")
label1.pack(side="top")
class PageFour(GUI):
def __init__(self, parent, controller):
GUI.__init__(self, parent)
label1 = tk.Label(self.main_frame, font=("Verdana", 20), text="Page Four")
label1.pack(side="top")
class PageTwo(GUI):
def __init__(self, parent, controller):
GUI.__init__(self, parent)
label1 = tk.Label(self.main_frame, font=("Verdana", 20), text="Page Two")
label1.pack(side="top")
class OpenNewWindow(tk.Tk):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
tk.Tk.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
main_frame = tk.Frame(self)
main_frame.pack_propagate(0)
main_frame.pack(fill="both", expand="true")
main_frame.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
main_frame.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
self.title("Here is the Title of the Window")
self.geometry("500x500")
self.resizable(0, 0)
frame1 = ttk.LabelFrame(main_frame, text="This is a ttk LabelFrame")
frame1.pack(expand=True, fill="both")
label1 = tk.Label(frame1, font=("Verdana", 20), text="OpenNewWindow Page")
label1.pack(side="top")
top = LoginPage()
top.title("Tkinter App Template - Login Page")
root = MyApp()
root.withdraw()
root.title("Tkinter App Template")
root.mainloop()
Tkinter 打開兩個 windows 而不是 1，如果我參考根 window 會崩潰
[英]Tkinter opening two windows instead of 1, crashes if I refer to root window
如何在 tkinter UI 中自動調整 ttk 元素的大小，正確綁定到根 window 調整大小？
[英]How to get auto-resizing of ttk Element in tkinter UI properly tied to root window resizing?
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