在 Python 中遞歸編輯 dict

Question

我有這樣的字典

{
  "library": [
    {
      "_type": "Host",
      "parameters": "JSON STRING",
      "superclassOf": [
        {
          "_type": "LinuxHost",
          "superclassOf": [
            {
              "_type": "Ubuntu",
              "superclassOf": [
                {
                  "_type": "Ubuntu1604",
                  "parameters": "JSON STRING"
                }
              ]
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}

其中JSON STRING是字符串形式的字典（例如'{"property1":"value1","property2":"value2"}' ）。 我正在尋找的是一種遞歸導航supeclassOf屬性並將這些 Json 字符串轉換為 json 的實部的方法，並在編輯后返回完整的字典。

編輯：請注意supeclassOf的值是列表。 所以到處都有一個superclassOf可以有多個元素，每個元素都有（或沒有）屬性parameters和superclassOf

EDIT2使用 Prem Anand 的回答我得到這個錯誤：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:/Users/ceccolig/PycharmProjects/api/api.py", line 61, in <module>
    main()
  File "C:/Users/ceccolig/PycharmProjects/api/api.py", line 52, in main
    process_list_or_dict(library)
  File "C:/Users/ceccolig/PycharmProjects/api/api.py", line 45, in process_list_or_dict
    process_list_or_dict(v)
  File "C:/Users/ceccolig/PycharmProjects/api/api.py", line 45, in process_list_or_dict
    process_list_or_dict(v)
  File "C:/Users/ceccolig/PycharmProjects/api/api.py", line 45, in process_list_or_dict
    process_list_or_dict(v)
  [Previous line repeated 5 more times]
  File "C:/Users/ceccolig/PycharmProjects/api/api.py", line 43, in process_list_or_dict
    ld[k] = process_str(v)
  File "C:/Users/ceccolig/PycharmProjects/api/api.py", line 37, in process_str
    return json.loads(s)
  File "C:\Users\ceccolig\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-32\lib\json\__init__.py", line 357, in loads
    return _default_decoder.decode(s)
  File "C:\Users\ceccolig\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-32\lib\json\decoder.py", line 337, in decode
    obj, end = self.raw_decode(s, idx=_w(s, 0).end())
  File "C:\Users\ceccolig\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-32\lib\json\decoder.py", line 353, in raw_decode
    obj, end = self.scan_once(s, idx)
json.decoder.JSONDecodeError: Expecting property name enclosed in double quotes: line 1 column 2 (char 1)

Answer 1

您可以使用json.loads將 json 字符串轉換為字典。 瀏覽 dict 的每個元素，檢查它是 dict 還是 list 或 string 類型並相應地處理每種類型

import json

def process_str(s):
    if s and s[0]=='{' and s[-1]=='}':
        return json.loads(s)
    return s

def process_list_or_dict(ld):
    for k,v in enumerate(ld) if isinstance(ld, list) else ld.items():
        if isinstance(v, str):
            ld[k] = process_str(v)
        elif isinstance(v, (list, dict)):
            process_list_or_dict(v)

例子

dct = {'library': [{'_type': 'Host', 'parameters': '{"property1":"value1","property2":"value2"}', 'superclassOf': [{'_type': 'LinuxHost', 'superclassOf': [{'_type': 'Ubuntu', 'superclassOf': [{'_type': 'Ubuntu1604', 'parameters': '{"property3":"value3","property4":"value4"}'}]}]}]}]}

process_list_or_dict(dct)

print(json.dumps(dct, indent=4))

Output

{
    "library": [
        {
            "_type": "Host",
            "parameters": {
                "property1": "value1",
                "property2": "value2"
            },
            "superclassOf": [
                {
                    "_type": "LinuxHost",
                    "superclassOf": [
                        {
                            "_type": "Ubuntu",
                            "superclassOf": [
                                {
                                    "_type": "Ubuntu1604",
                                    "parameters": {
                                        "property3": "value3",
                                        "property4": "value4"
                                    }
                                }
                            ]
                        }
                    ]
                }
            ]
        }
    ]
}

Answer 2

好的，我希望你現在明白了。 參考這個問題，我修改了答案以使其對您有用。 希望這就是您要找的：

import json

data = {
  "library": [
    {
      "_type": "Host",
      "parameters": '{"property1":"value1","property2":"value2"}',
      "superclassOf": [
        {
          "_type": "LinuxHost",
          "superclassOf": [
            {
              "_type": "Ubuntu",
              "superclassOf": [
                {
                  "_type": "Ubuntu1604",
                  "parameters": '{"property1":"value1","property2":"value2"}'
                }
              ]
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}


# if you want to modify a specific key's value where you only know the key
def replace(data, key_match, repl):
    if isinstance(data, dict):
        return {k: replace((v if k != key_match else repl), key_match, repl) for k, v in data.items()}
    elif isinstance(data, list):
        return [replace(i, key_match, repl) for i in data]
    elif isinstance(data, str):
        try:
            data = json.loads(data)
            return replace(data, key_match, repl)
        except ValueError:
            return data
    else:
        return data

print(replace(data, "property1", "Modified"))
# {'library': [{'_type': 'Host', 'parameters': {'property1': 'Modified', 'property2': 'value2'}, 'superclassOf': [{'_type': 'LinuxHost', 'superclassOf': [{'_type': 'Ubuntu', 'superclassOf': [{'_type': 'Ubuntu1604', 'parameters': {'property1': 'Modified', 'property2': 'value2'}}]}]}]}]}

編輯

如果只想轉換json。

def convertJSON(data):
    if isinstance(data, dict):
        return {k: convertJSON(v) for k, v in data.items()}
    elif isinstance(data, list):
        return [convertJSON(i) for i in data]
    elif isinstance(data, str):
        try:
            data = json.loads(data)
            return convertJSON(data)
        except ValueError:
            return data
    else:
        return data

print(convertJSON(data))
# {'library': [{'_type': 'Host', 'parameters': {'property1': 'value1', 'property2': 'value2'}, 'superclassOf': [{'_type': 'LinuxHost', 'superclassOf': [{'_type': 'Ubuntu', 'superclassOf': [{'_type': 'Ubuntu1604', 'parameters': {'property1': 'value1', 'property2': 'value2'}}]}]}]}]}