[英]Installing cartopy from pip exits with various errors on Linux Ubuntu 18.04
shell 命令pip install cartopy
導致了幾個錯誤。
起初,出現以下錯誤:
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
command: /home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/opt/python@3.8/bin/python3.8 -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-j47_isf2/cartopy/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-j47_isf2/cartopy/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' egg_info --egg-base /tmp/pip-pip-egg-info-a9f6gipd
cwd: /tmp/pip-install-j47_isf2/cartopy/
Complete output (3 lines):
/tmp/pip-install-j47_isf2/cartopy/setup.py:157: UserWarning: Unable to determine Proj version. Ensure you have 4.9.0 or later installed, or installation may fail.
warnings.warn(
Proj version 0.0.0 is installed, but cartopy requires at least version 4.9.0.
----------------------------------------
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: python setup.py egg_info Check the logs for full command output.
在重新安裝 proj4 並嘗試在我的.bashrc
文件中傳遞環境變量之后,例如
export PROJ_LIB=/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/bin/proj
export PROJ=/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/bin/proj
錯誤消息更改為以下內容:
andylu@andylu-ThinkPad-Edge-E130:~/$ pip install cartopy
Collecting cartopy
Using cached Cartopy-0.18.0.tar.gz (14.4 MB)
Requirement already satisfied: numpy>=1.10 in /home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from cartopy) (1.19.1)
Requirement already satisfied: shapely>=1.5.6 in /home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from cartopy) (1.7.0)
Requirement already satisfied: pyshp>=1.1.4 in /home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from cartopy) (2.1.0)
Requirement already satisfied: six>=1.3.0 in /home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from cartopy) (1.15.0)
Requirement already satisfied: setuptools>=0.7.2 in /home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from cartopy) (49.2.1)
Building wheels for collected packages: cartopy
Building wheel for cartopy (setup.py) ... error
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
command: /home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/opt/python@3.8/bin/python3.8 -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-81mh5l39/cartopy/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-81mh5l39/cartopy/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' bdist_wheel -d /tmp/pip-wheel-v0pstk7_
cwd: /tmp/pip-install-81mh5l39/cartopy/
Complete output (272 lines):
running bdist_wheel
running build
running build_py
creating build
creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8
creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cartopy
...
I/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/opt/python@3.8/include/python3.8 -c lib/cartopy/trace.cpp -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8/lib/cartopy/trace.o
lib/cartopy/trace.cpp: In function 'void __pyx_f_7cartopy_5trace__project_segment(GEOSContextHandle_t, const GEOSCoordSequence*, unsigned int, unsigned int, __pyx_obj_7cartopy_5trace_Interpolator*, const GEOSPreparedGeometry*, double, __pyx_obj_7cartopy_5trace_LineAccumulator*)':
lib/cartopy/trace.cpp:6362:52: warning: '__pyx_v_t_max' may be used uninitialized in this function [-Wmaybe-uninitialized]
__pyx_t_2 = PyFloat_FromDouble(__pyx_v_t_max); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_2)) __PYX_ERR(0, 539, __pyx_L1_error)
^
lib/cartopy/trace.cpp:6360:52: warning: '__pyx_v_t_min' may be used uninitialized in this function [-Wmaybe-uninitialized]
__pyx_t_3 = PyFloat_FromDouble(__pyx_v_t_min); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_3)) __PYX_ERR(0, 539, __pyx_L1_error)
^
c++ -pthread -shared -L/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/lib build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8/lib/cartopy/trace.o -L/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/opt/python@3.8/lib -L/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/Cellar/proj/7.1.0/lib -L/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/Cellar/geos/3.8.1_1/lib -L/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/lib -L/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/opt/openssl@1.1/lib -L/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/opt/sqlite/lib -L/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/opt/python@3.8/lib -R/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/opt/python@3.8/lib -lproj -lgeos_c -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cartopy/trace.cpython-38-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
c++: error: unrecognized command line option '-R'
error: command 'c++' failed with exit status 1
----------------------------------------
ERROR: Failed building wheel for cartopy
Running setup.py clean for cartopy
Failed to build cartopy
DEPRECATION: Could not build wheels for cartopy which do not use PEP 517. pip will fall back to legacy 'setup.py install' for these. pip 21.0 will remove support for this functionality. A possible replacement is to fix the wheel build issue reported above. You can find discussion regarding this at https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/8368.
Installing collected packages: cartopy
Running setup.py install for cartopy ... error
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
command: /home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/opt/python@3.8/bin/python3.8 -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-81mh5l39/cartopy/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-81mh5l39/cartopy/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record /tmp/pip-record-lmvk94_o/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/include/python3.8/cartopy
cwd: /tmp/pip-install-81mh5l39/cartopy/
Complete output (272 lines):
running install
running build
...
building 'cartopy.trace' extension
creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8
creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8/lib
creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8/lib/cartopy
cc -pthread -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -g -O3 -Wall -fPIC -DACCEPT_USE_OF_DEPRECATED_PROJ_API_H=1 -I/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/opt/python@3.8/include -I./lib/cartopy -I/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/lib/python3.8/site-packages/numpy/core/include -I/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/Cellar/proj/7.1.0/include -I/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/Cellar/geos/3.8.1_1/include -I/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/include -I/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/opt/openssl@1.1/include -I/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/opt/sqlite/include -I/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/opt/python@3.8/include/python3.8 -c lib/cartopy/trace.cpp -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8/lib/cartopy/trace.o
lib/cartopy/trace.cpp: In function 'void __pyx_f_7cartopy_5trace__project_segment(GEOSContextHandle_t, const GEOSCoordSequence*, unsigned int, unsigned int, __pyx_obj_7cartopy_5trace_Interpolator*, const GEOSPreparedGeometry*, double, __pyx_obj_7cartopy_5trace_LineAccumulator*)':
lib/cartopy/trace.cpp:6362:52: warning: '__pyx_v_t_max' may be used uninitialized in this function [-Wmaybe-uninitialized]
__pyx_t_2 = PyFloat_FromDouble(__pyx_v_t_max); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_2)) __PYX_ERR(0, 539, __pyx_L1_error)
^
lib/cartopy/trace.cpp:6360:52: warning: '__pyx_v_t_min' may be used uninitialized in this function [-Wmaybe-uninitialized]
__pyx_t_3 = PyFloat_FromDouble(__pyx_v_t_min); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_3)) __PYX_ERR(0, 539, __pyx_L1_error)
^
c++ -pthread -shared -L/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/lib build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8/lib/cartopy/trace.o -L/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/opt/python@3.8/lib -L/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/Cellar/proj/7.1.0/lib -L/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/Cellar/geos/3.8.1_1/lib -L/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/lib -L/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/opt/openssl@1.1/lib -L/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/opt/sqlite/lib -L/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/opt/python@3.8/lib -R/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/opt/python@3.8/lib -lproj -lgeos_c -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cartopy/trace.cpython-38-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
c++: error: unrecognized command line option '-R'
error: command 'c++' failed with exit status 1
----------------------------------------
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: /home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/opt/python@3.8/bin/python3.8 -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-81mh5l39/cartopy/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-81mh5l39/cartopy/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record /tmp/pip-record-lmvk94_o/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/include/python3.8/cartopy Check the logs for full command output.
完整的環境定義
魯本圖 18.04 64 位
Collecting cartopy
Using cached Cartopy-0.18.0.tar.gz (14.4 MB)
Package Version
----------------------------- ------------
affine 2.3.0
aiohttp 3.6.2
alabaster 0.7.12
argon2-cffi 20.1.0
arrow 0.15.8
asgiref 3.2.10
astroid 2.4.2
async-timeout 3.0.1
attrs 19.3.0
Babel 2.8.0
backcall 0.2.0
beautifulsoup4 4.9.1
bleach 3.1.5
bokeh 2.1.1
Bottleneck 1.3.2
branca 0.4.1
bs4 0.0.1
cachetools 4.1.1
cdsapi 0.3.0
certifi 2020.6.20
cffi 1.14.1
cftime 1.2.1
chardet 3.0.4
click 7.1.2
click-plugins 1.1.1
cligj 0.5.0
cloudpickle 1.5.0
colorama 0.4.3
coverage 5.2.1
cycler 0.10.0
Cython 0.29.21
dask 2.22.0
decorator 4.4.2
defusedxml 0.6.0
descartes 1.1.0
distributed 2.22.0
Django 3.0.9
docutils 0.16
entrypoints 0.3
et-xmlfile 1.0.1
filelock 3.0.12
Fiona 1.8.13.post1
flake8 3.8.3
Flask 1.1.2
folium 0.11.0
fsspec 0.8.0
geojson 2.5.0
geojsoncontour 0.4.0
geopandas 0.8.1
geos 0.2.2
gevent 20.6.2
google 3.0.0
google-api-core 1.22.0
google-auth 1.20.0
google-auth-oauthlib 0.4.1
google-cloud-bigquery 1.26.1
google-cloud-core 1.3.0
google-crc32c 0.1.0
google-resumable-media 0.7.0
googleapis-common-protos 1.52.0
greenlet 0.4.16
grpcio 1.30.0
h5py 2.10.0
HeapDict 1.0.1
html5lib 1.1
hypothesis 5.23.9
idna 2.10
imagesize 1.2.0
imgkit 1.0.2
importlib-metadata 1.7.0
iniconfig 1.0.1
ipykernel 5.3.4
ipython 7.17.0
ipython-genutils 0.2.0
ipywidgets 7.5.1
isort 5.2.2
itsdangerous 1.1.0
jdcal 1.4.1
jedi 0.17.2
Jinja2 2.11.2
joblib 0.16.0
jsonschema 3.2.0
jupyter 1.0.0
jupyter-client 6.1.6
jupyter-console 6.1.0
jupyter-core 4.6.3
kiwisolver 1.2.0
lazy-object-proxy 1.5.1
locket 0.2.0
lxml 4.5.2
MarkupSafe 1.1.1
matplotlib 3.3.0
mccabe 0.6.1
mistune 0.8.4
modin 0.8.0
more-itertools 8.4.0
mpmath 1.1.0
msgpack 1.0.0
multidict 4.7.6
munch 2.5.0
nbconvert 5.6.1
nbformat 5.0.7
netCDF4 1.5.4
networkx 2.4
notebook 6.1.0
numexpr 2.7.1
numpy 1.19.1
oauthlib 3.1.0
openpyxl 3.0.4
osmnx 0.15.1
OWSLib 0.20.0
packaging 20.4
pandas 1.1.0
pandas-datareader 0.9.0
pandas-gbq 0.13.2
pandocfilters 1.4.2
parso 0.7.1
partd 1.1.0
patsy 0.5.1
pdfkit 0.6.1
pep8 1.7.1
pexpect 4.8.0
pickle5 0.0.11
pickleshare 0.7.5
Pillow 7.2.0
pip 20.2
planar 0.4
plotly 4.9.0
pluggy 0.13.1
proj 0.2.0
prometheus-client 0.8.0
prompt-toolkit 3.0.5
protobuf 3.12.4
psutil 5.7.2
ptyprocess 0.6.0
py 1.9.0
py-spy 0.3.3
pyarrow 0.16.0
pyasn1 0.4.8
pyasn1-modules 0.2.8
pycodestyle 2.6.0
pycparser 2.20
pydata-google-auth 1.1.0
pyepsg 0.4.0
pyflakes 2.2.0
Pygments 2.6.1
pyhdf 0.10.2
pykdtree 1.3.1
pylint 2.5.3
pylint-django 2.2.0
pylint-plugin-utils 0.6
pyparsing 2.4.7
pyproj 2.6.1.post1
PyQt5 5.15.0
PyQt5-sip 12.8.0
pyrsistent 0.16.0
pyshp 2.1.0
PySide2 5.15.0
pytest 6.0.1
pytest-cov 2.10.0
pytest-filter-subpackage 0.1.1
python-dateutil 2.8.1
pytz 2020.1
PyYAML 5.3.1
pyzmq 19.0.2
qtconsole 4.7.5
QtPy 1.9.0
rasterio 1.1.5
ray 0.8.6
redis 3.4.1
regex 2020.7.14
requests 2.24.0
requests-oauthlib 1.3.0
retrying 1.3.3
rsa 4.6
Rtree 0.9.4
salem 0.2.4
scikit-learn 0.23.1
scipy 1.5.2
seaborn 0.10.1
Send2Trash 1.5.0
setuptools 49.2.1
Shapely 1.7.0
shiboken2 5.15.0
six 1.15.0
sklearn 0.0
snowballstemmer 2.0.0
snuggs 1.4.7
sortedcollections 1.2.1
sortedcontainers 2.2.2
soupsieve 2.0.1
Sphinx 3.1.2
sphinxcontrib-applehelp 1.0.2
sphinxcontrib-devhelp 1.0.2
sphinxcontrib-htmlhelp 1.0.3
sphinxcontrib-jsmath 1.0.1
sphinxcontrib-qthelp 1.0.3
sphinxcontrib-serializinghtml 1.1.4
SQLAlchemy 1.3.18
sqlparse 0.3.1
statsmodels 0.11.1
swifter 1.0.2
sympy 1.6.1
tables 3.6.1
tblib 1.7.0
terminado 0.8.3
testpath 0.4.4
threadpoolctl 2.1.0
toml 0.10.1
toolz 0.10.0
tornado 6.0.4
tqdm 4.48.1
traitlets 4.3.3
typed-ast 1.4.1
typing-extensions 3.7.4.2
urllib3 1.25.10
wcwidth 0.2.5
webcolors 1.11.1
webencodings 0.5.1
Werkzeug 1.0.1
wheel 0.34.2
widgetsnbextension 3.5.1
windrose 1.6.7
wrapt 1.12.1
xarray 0.16.0
xlrd 1.2.0
XlsxWriter 1.3.1
yapf 0.30.0
yarl 1.5.1
zict 2.0.0
zipp 3.1.0
zope.event 4.4
zope.interface 5.1.0
在搜索主要錯誤信息c++: error: unrecognized command line option '-R'
解決方案后,我終於在這個討論中找到了它。
我所做的是使用強大的find
方法搜索相關文件:
andylu@andylu-ThinkPad-Edge-E130:~/Desktop/Python/Scripts$ sudo find / -type f -iname "unixccompiler.py"
find: ‘/run/user/1000/gvfs’: Permission denied
find: ‘/tmp/.mount_pcloudgeFVGR’: Permission denied
/snap/core/9436/usr/lib/python3.5/distutils/unixccompiler.py
/snap/core/9665/usr/lib/python3.5/distutils/unixccompiler.py
/snap/gimp/281/usr/lib/python2.7/distutils/unixccompiler.py
/snap/gimp/273/usr/lib/python2.7/distutils/unixccompiler.py
/snap/core18/1880/usr/lib/python3.6/distutils/unixccompiler.py
/snap/core18/1880/usr/lib/python3.7/distutils/unixccompiler.py
/snap/core18/1880/usr/lib/python3.8/distutils/unixccompiler.py
/snap/core18/1754/usr/lib/python3.6/distutils/unixccompiler.py
/snap/core18/1754/usr/lib/python3.7/distutils/unixccompiler.py
/snap/core18/1754/usr/lib/python3.8/distutils/unixccompiler.py
/usr/lib/python3.8/distutils/unixccompiler.py
/usr/lib/python3.6/distutils/unixccompiler.py
/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/numpy/distutils/unixccompiler.py
/usr/lib/python3.7/distutils/unixccompiler.py
/usr/lib/python2.7/distutils/unixccompiler.py
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/distutils/unixccompiler.py
find: ‘/home/andylu/pCloudDrive’: Permission denied
/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/Cellar/python@3.8/3.8.5/libexec/setuptools/build/lib/setuptools/_distutils/unixccompiler.py
/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/Cellar/python@3.8/3.8.5/libexec/setuptools/setuptools/_distutils/unixccompiler.py
/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/Cellar/python@3.8/3.8.5/lib/python3.8/distutils/unixccompiler.py
/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/Cellar/numpy/1.19.1/lib/python3.8/site-packages/numpy/distutils/unixccompiler.py
/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/lib/python3.8/site-packages/numpy/distutils/unixccompiler.py
/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/lib/python3.8/site-packages/setuptools/_distutils/unixccompiler.py
接下來,我在文本編輯器VS Code
中打開了包含當前使用的version 3.8
的相關 python 文件。 然后,我在這些文件中搜索“-R”以找到以下代碼片段:
else:
if self._is_gcc(compiler):
# gcc on non-GNU systems does not need -Wl, but can
# use it anyway. Since distutils has always passed in
# -Wl whenever gcc was used in the past it is probably
# safest to keep doing so.
if sysconfig.get_config_var("GNULD") == "yes":
# GNU ld needs an extra option to get a RUNPATH
# instead of just an RPATH.
return "-Wl,--enable-new-dtags,-R" + dir
else:
return "-Wl,-R" + dir
else:
# No idea how --enable-new-dtags would be passed on to
# ld if this system was using GNU ld. Don't know if a
# system like this even exists.
return "-R" + dir
在這個代碼片段中,我將"-R"
替換為"-rpath="
,最后一個獨立的"-R"
(上面代碼片段的最后一行)甚至替換為'-Wl,-rpath='
。 完成后,代碼片段如下所示:
else:
if self._is_gcc(compiler):
# gcc on non-GNU systems does not need -Wl, but can
# use it anyway. Since distutils has always passed in
# -Wl whenever gcc was used in the past it is probably
# safest to keep doing so.
if sysconfig.get_config_var("GNULD") == "yes":
# GNU ld needs an extra option to get a RUNPATH
# instead of just an RPATH.
return "-Wl,--enable-new-dtags,-rpath=" + dir
else:
return "-Wl,-rpath=" + dir
else:
# No idea how --enable-new-dtags would be passed on to
# ld if this system was using GNU ld. Don't know if a
# system like this even exists.
return "-Wl,-rpath=" + dir
保存並關閉上述修改后的python-scripts后,cartopy的安裝終於成功了:
andylu@andylu-ThinkPad-Edge-E130:~/Desktop/Python/Scripts$ pip install cartopy
Collecting cartopy
Using cached Cartopy-0.18.0.tar.gz (14.4 MB)
Requirement already satisfied: numpy>=1.10 in /home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from cartopy) (1.19.1)
Requirement already satisfied: shapely>=1.5.6 in /home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from cartopy) (1.7.0)
Requirement already satisfied: pyshp>=1.1.4 in /home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from cartopy) (2.1.0)
Requirement already satisfied: six>=1.3.0 in /home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from cartopy) (1.15.0)
Requirement already satisfied: setuptools>=0.7.2 in /home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from cartopy) (49.2.1)
Building wheels for collected packages: cartopy
Building wheel for cartopy (setup.py) ... done
Created wheel for cartopy: filename=Cartopy-0.18.0-cp38-cp38-linux_x86_64.whl size=15743039 sha256=b95932012d877432db8e629bdc77e730227f93f94515a54e59e4c6fb6a85bdad
Stored in directory: /home/andylu/.cache/pip/wheels/7c/3c/68/ed800c08e3e6579b632fdd26becee97c5c5474625f6c97eca6
Successfully built cartopy
Installing collected packages: cartopy
Successfully installed cartopy-0.18.0
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