[英]How to align widgets in PyQt5
我正在嘗試將 PyQt5 用於我的 GUI 應用程序之一。 我可以根據需要添加小部件,但無法正確對齊它們。 我想如下對齊我的小部件:
但是,我的代碼是這樣工作的,
以下是我的代碼,有人可以幫我嗎?
from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtWidgets
from PyQt5.QtCore import QRect
from PyQt5.QtGui import QPixmap
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QDesktopWidget, QLabel
class GroupBox(QtWidgets.QWidget):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(20, 20, 900, 700))
self.setWindowTitle("InvoiceMee - Split Documents")
layout = QtWidgets.QGridLayout(self)
groupbox = QtWidgets.QGroupBox("Files to Convert", checkable=False)
layout.addWidget(groupbox)
hbox = QtWidgets.QHBoxLayout()
groupbox.setLayout(hbox)
label = QLabel()
pixmap = QPixmap('images.jpg')
label.setPixmap(pixmap)
label.resize(pixmap.width(), pixmap.height())
pathBox = QtWidgets.QLineEdit(self)
pathBox.setPlaceholderText("Enter the Path Here")
pathBox.setGeometry(QRect(160, 150, 201, 20))
selectFileBtn = QtWidgets.QPushButton("Select")
convertButton = QtWidgets.QPushButton("Convert")
good_radiobutton = QtWidgets.QRadioButton("Invoices")
naive_radiobutton = QtWidgets.QRadioButton("Credit Notes")
hbox.addWidget(pathBox, alignment=QtCore.Qt.AlignCenter)
hbox.addWidget(selectFileBtn, alignment=QtCore.Qt.AlignCenter)
hbox.addWidget(convertButton, alignment=QtCore.Qt.AlignCenter)
hbox.addWidget(good_radiobutton, alignment=QtCore.Qt.AlignCenter)
hbox.addWidget(naive_radiobutton, alignment=QtCore.Qt.AlignCenter)
hbox.addWidget(label,alignment=QtCore.Qt.AlignCenter)
hbox.addStretch()
self.center()
def center(self):
# geometry of the main window
qr = self.frameGeometry()
# center point of screen
cp = QDesktopWidget().availableGeometry().center()
# move rectangle's center point to screen's center point
qr.moveCenter(cp)
# top left of rectangle becomes top left of window centering it
self.move(qr.topLeft())
使用QGridLayout
而不是QHBoxLayout
。 Grid Layout 讓您可以選擇在類似結構的網格中布局小部件。 這是QGridLayout
的官方文檔。
您可以像這樣更改布局:
grid = QtWidgets.QGridLayout()
groupbox.setLayout(grid)
grid.addWidget(label,0,0,1,0,QtCore.Qt.AlignCenter)
grid.addWidget(pathBox,1,0,QtCore.Qt.AlignRight)
grid.addWidget(selectFileBtn,1,1,QtCore.Qt.AlignLeft)
grid.addWidget(good_radiobutton,2,0,QtCore.Qt.AlignRight)
grid.addWidget(naive_radiobutton,2,1,QtCore.Qt.AlignLeft)
grid.addWidget(convertButton,3,0,1,0,QtCore.Qt.AlignCenter)
如果要刪除小部件之間的空間,請添加垂直間隔項:
verticalSpacer = QtWidgets.QSpacerItem(40, 20, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Minimum, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Expanding)
grid.addItem(verticalSpacer, 6, 0, QtCore.Qt.AlignTop)
您正在使用 QHBoxLayout (代表水平框布局)。 這意味着您添加的所有小部件將始終根據插入順序並排、水平顯示。
您應該改用允許垂直方向的布局。
您每行使用多個小部件,因此您可以使用 QGridLayout,但是,由於其中一些小部件具有不同的水平尺寸,結果可能不是您向我們展示的。
解決方案是使用嵌套布局,主網格布局具有第一/第三行和列的拉伸集,以及添加到網格的第二行/列的“中央”布局。 然后,每當您需要連續使用多個小部件時,添加一個嵌套的 QHBoxLayout。
class GroupBox(QtWidgets.QWidget):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(20, 20, 900, 700))
self.setWindowTitle("InvoiceMee - Split Documents")
layout = QtWidgets.QGridLayout(self)
groupbox = QtWidgets.QGroupBox("Files to Convert", checkable=False)
layout.addWidget(groupbox)
# the "main" layout, used to ensure that the actual layout containing
# all widgets stays in the center
groupLayout = QtWidgets.QGridLayout()
groupbox.setLayout(groupLayout)
groupLayout.setColumnStretch(0, 1)
groupLayout.setColumnStretch(2, 1)
groupLayout.setRowStretch(0, 1)
groupLayout.setRowStretch(2, 1)
# this is the actual layout used to add widgets
centerLayout = QtWidgets.QVBoxLayout()
groupLayout.addLayout(centerLayout, 1, 1)
label = QLabel()
pixmap = QPixmap('images.jpg')
label.setPixmap(pixmap)
# this won't work
# label.resize(pixmap.width(), pixmap.height())
pathBox = QtWidgets.QLineEdit(self)
pathBox.setPlaceholderText("Enter the Path Here")
# this won't work either, the layout will try to move and resize it anyway
# pathBox.setGeometry(QRect(160, 150, 201, 20))
# use minimum width instead
pathBox.setMinimumWidth(200)
selectFileBtn = QtWidgets.QPushButton("Select")
convertButton = QtWidgets.QPushButton("Convert")
good_radiobutton = QtWidgets.QRadioButton("Invoices")
naive_radiobutton = QtWidgets.QRadioButton("Credit Notes")
centerLayout.addWidget(label, alignment=QtCore.Qt.AlignCenter)
# the second row has more than one widget, use a nested horizontal layout
inputLayout = QtWidgets.QHBoxLayout()
centerLayout.addLayout(inputLayout)
inputLayout.addWidget(pathBox)
inputLayout.addWidget(selectFileBtn)
# the same for the radio buttons
radioLayout = QtWidgets.QHBoxLayout()
centerLayout.addLayout(radioLayout)
# use horizontal alignment to keep buttons closer, otherwise the layout
# will try to expand them as much as possible (depending on the other
# widgets in the centerLayout)
radioLayout.addWidget(good_radiobutton, alignment=QtCore.Qt.AlignRight)
radioLayout.addWidget(naive_radiobutton, alignment=QtCore.Qt.AlignLeft)
# use center alignment so that the button doesn't expand
centerLayout.addWidget(convertButton, alignment=QtCore.Qt.AlignCenter)
我建議您仔細研究布局的工作原理和行為方式,進行一些實驗,並使用 Qt Designer 輕松查看嵌套布局的工作原理。
此外,請考慮在某些情況下可能需要設置特定的大小策略以避免小部件過度擴展,並且使用 QWidget“容器”可以使事情變得更容易。
例如,當您添加單選按鈕時,您可以使用 QWidget 容器,而不是使用水平 alignment:
# ...
radioContainer = QtWidgets.QWidget()
centerLayout.addWidget(radioContainer, alignment=QtCore.Qt.AlignCenter)
radioContainer.setSizePolicy(QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Maximum,
QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Preferred)
radioLayout = QtWidgets.QHBoxLayout(radioContainer)
radioLayout.addWidget(good_radiobutton)
radioLayout.addWidget(naive_radiobutton)
# ...
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