如何在基於圖塊的游戲中平穩地移動玩家？
[英]How do I move the player smoothly in a tile based game?
問題描述
在我正在創建的基於圖塊的角色扮演游戲中，我正在嘗試實現一個 function，它可以在圖塊之間平滑地移動玩家。 我已經在播放器更新和getkeys函數中應用了它。 當玩家向四個方向中的任何一個方向移動時，程序應計算玩家應落在的下一個方塊，並且在他們落在該方塊上之前，玩家應在兩個方塊之間平穩移動。
但是，我創建的 function 沒有正確定位播放器。 function 低於下一個瓷磚的位置，導致玩家離開網格，從而導致碰撞錯誤。
import pygame as pg
import sys
vec = pg.math.Vector2
WHITE = ( 255, 255, 255)
BLACK = ( 0, 0, 0)
RED = ( 255, 0, 0)
YELLOW = ( 255, 255, 0)
BLUE = ( 0, 0, 255)
WIDTH = 512 # 32 by 24 tiles
HEIGHT = 384
FPS = 60
TILESIZE = 32
PLAYER_SPEED = 3 * TILESIZE
MAP = ["1111111111111111",
"1..............1",
"1...........P..1",
"1..1111........1",
"1..1..1........1",
"1..1111........1",
"1..............1",
"1........11111.1",
"1........1...1.1",
"1........11111.1",
"1..............1",
"1111111111111111"]
def collide_hit_rect(one, two):
return one.hit_rect.colliderect(two.rect)
def player_collisions(sprite, group):
hits_walls = pg.sprite.spritecollide(sprite, group, False, collide_hit_rect)
if hits_walls:
sprite.pos -= sprite.vel * TILESIZE
class Player(pg.sprite.Sprite):
def __init__(self, game, x, y):
self.groups = game.all_sprites
pg.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self, self.groups)
self.game = game
self.walk_buffer = 200
self.vel = vec(0, 0)
self.pos = vec(x, y) *TILESIZE
self.dirvec = vec(0, 0)
self.last_pos = self.pos
self.next_pos = vec(0, 0)
self.current_frame = 0
self.last_update = pg.time.get_ticks()
self.walking = True
self.between_tiles = False
self.walking_sprites = [pg.Surface((TILESIZE, TILESIZE))]
self.walking_sprites[0].fill(YELLOW)
self.image = self.walking_sprites[0]
self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
self.hit_rect = self.rect
self.hit_rect.bottom = self.rect.bottom
def update(self):
self.get_keys()
self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
self.rect.topleft = self.pos
if self.pos == self.next_pos:
self.between_tiles = False
if self.between_tiles:
self.pos += self.vel * self.game.dt
self.hit_rect.topleft = self.pos
player_collisions(self, self.game.walls) # may change postion
self.hit_rect.topleft = self.pos # reset rectangle
self.rect.midbottom = self.hit_rect.midbottom
def get_keys(self):
self.dirvec = vec(0,0)
now = pg.time.get_ticks()
keys = pg.key.get_pressed()
if now - self.last_update > self.walk_buffer:
self.vel = vec(0,0)
self.last_update = now
if keys[pg.K_LEFT] or keys[pg.K_a]:
self.dirvec.x = -1
self.vel.x = -PLAYER_SPEED
elif keys[pg.K_RIGHT] or keys[pg.K_d]:
self.dirvec.x = 1
self.vel.x = PLAYER_SPEED
elif keys[pg.K_UP] or keys[pg.K_w]:
self.dirvec.y = -1
self.vel.y = -PLAYER_SPEED
elif keys[pg.K_DOWN] or keys[pg.K_s]:
self.dirvec.y = 1
self.vel.y = PLAYER_SPEED
if self.dirvec != vec(0,0):
self.between_tiles = True
self.walking = True
## self.offset = self.vel * self.game.dt
self.last_pos = self.pos
self.next_pos = self.pos + self.dirvec * TILESIZE
else:
self.between_tiles = False
self.walking = False
class Obstacle(pg.sprite.Sprite):
def __init__(self, game, x, y):
self.groups = game.walls
pg.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self, self.groups)
self.x = x * TILESIZE
self.y = y * TILESIZE
self.w = TILESIZE
self.h = TILESIZE
self.game = game
self.image = pg.Surface((self.w,self.h))
self.image.fill(BLACK)
self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
self.hit_rect = self.rect
self.rect.x = self.x
self.rect.y = self.y
class Game:
def __init__(self):
pg.init()
self.screen = pg.display.set_mode((WIDTH, HEIGHT))
pg.display.set_caption("Hello Stack Overflow")
self.clock = pg.time.Clock()
pg.key.set_repeat(500, 100)
def new(self):
self.all_sprites = pg.sprite.Group()
self.walls = pg.sprite.Group()
for row, tiles in enumerate(MAP):
for col, tile in enumerate(tiles):
if tile == "1":
Obstacle(self, col, row)
elif tile == "P":
print("banana!")
self.player = Player(self, col, row)
def quit(self):
pg.quit()
sys.exit()
def run(self):
# game loop - set self.playing = False to end the game
self.playing = True
while self.playing:
self.dt = self.clock.tick(FPS) / 1000
self.events()
self.update()
self.draw()
def events(self):
# catch all events here
for event in pg.event.get():
if event.type == pg.QUIT:
self.quit()
def update(self):
self.player.update()
def draw(self):
self.screen.fill(WHITE)
for wall in self.walls:
self.screen.blit(wall.image, wall.rect)
for sprite in self.all_sprites:
self.screen.blit(sprite.image, sprite.rect)
pg.display.flip()
# create the game object
g = Game()
while True:
g.new()
g.run()
pg.quit()
TL;DR update 和 getkeys 函數錯誤地計算了玩家也應該移動的下一個圖塊的 position，導致它們從圖塊網格上掉下來並產生碰撞錯誤
1 個解決方案
解決方案1
0 2020-12-17 10:05:45
有一些問題。
確保僅在按下某個鍵時才更改運動狀態屬性。 按下某個鍵時設置變量new_dir_vec 。 根據新的運動方向更改運動方向和狀態變量。
new_dir_vec = vec(0, 0)
if keys[pg.K_LEFT] or keys[pg.K_a]:
new_dir_vec = vec(-1, 0)
# [...]
if new_dir_vec != vec(0,0):
self.dirvec = new_dir_vec
# [...]
目標 position ( next_pos ) 必須與網格對齊。 計算當前單元格和目標position的索引：
current_index = self.rect.centerx // TILESIZE, self.rect.centery // TILESIZE
self.last_pos = vec(current_index) * TILESIZE
self.next_pos = self.last_pos + self.dirvec * TILESIZE
完成方法get_keys ：
class Player(pg.sprite.Sprite):
# [...]
def get_keys(self):
now = pg.time.get_ticks()
keys = pg.key.get_pressed()
if now - self.last_update > self.walk_buffer:
self.last_update = now
new_dir_vec = vec(0, 0)
if self.dirvec.y == 0:
if keys[pg.K_LEFT] or keys[pg.K_a]:
new_dir_vec = vec(-1, 0)
elif keys[pg.K_RIGHT] or keys[pg.K_d]:
new_dir_vec = vec(1, 0)
if self.dirvec.x == 0:
if keys[pg.K_UP] or keys[pg.K_w]:
new_dir_vec = vec(0, -1)
elif keys[pg.K_DOWN] or keys[pg.K_s]:
new_dir_vec = vec(0, 1)
if new_dir_vec != vec(0,0):
self.dirvec = new_dir_vec
self.vel = self.dirvec * PLAYER_SPEED
self.between_tiles = True
self.walking = True
current_index = self.rect.centerx // TILESIZE, self.rect.centery // TILESIZE
self.last_pos = vec(current_index) * TILESIZE
self.next_pos = self.last_pos + self.dirvec * TILESIZE
確保玩家不會越過目標。 計算到目標的距離 ( delta = self.next_pos - self.pos )。 如果下一步大於目標的距離，則使用目標position來確定position（ self.pos = self.next_pos ）：
delta = self.next_pos - self.pos
if delta.length() > (self.vel * self.game.dt).length():
self.pos += self.vel * self.game.dt
else:
self.pos = self.next_pos
self.vel = vec(0, 0)
# [...]
完整的方法update ：
class Player(pg.sprite.Sprite):
# [...]
def update(self):
self.get_keys()
self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
self.rect.topleft = self.pos
if self.pos != self.next_pos:
delta = self.next_pos - self.pos
if delta.length() > (self.vel * self.game.dt).length():
self.pos += self.vel * self.game.dt
else:
self.pos = self.next_pos
self.vel = vec(0, 0)
self.dirvec = vec(0, 0)
self.walking = False
self.between_tiles = False
self.hit_rect.topleft = self.pos
player_collisions(self, self.game.walls) # may change postion
self.hit_rect.topleft = self.pos # reset rectangle
self.rect.midbottom = self.hit_rect.midbottom
另請參閱在網格中移動。
最小的例子：
import pygame
TILESIZE = 32
WIDTH = TILESIZE * 16
HEIGHT = TILESIZE * 12
PLAYER_SPEED = 3 * TILESIZE
MAP = ["1111111111111111",
"1..............1",
"1...........P..1",
"1..1111........1",
"1..1..1........1",
"1..1111........1",
"1..............1",
"1........11111.1",
"1........1...1.1",
"1........11111.1",
"1..............1",
"1111111111111111"]
class Player(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
def __init__(self, x, y):
super().__init__()
self.walk_buffer = 50
self.pos = pygame.math.Vector2(x, y) * TILESIZE
self.dirvec = pygame.math.Vector2(0, 0)
self.last_pos = self.pos
self.next_pos = self.pos
self.current_frame = 0
self.last_update = pygame.time.get_ticks()
self.between_tiles = False
self.image = pygame.Surface((TILESIZE, TILESIZE))
self.image.fill((255, 0, 0))
self.rect = self.image.get_rect(topleft = (self.pos.x, self.pos.y))
def update(self, dt, walls):
self.get_keys()
self.rect = self.image.get_rect(topleft = (self.pos.x, self.pos.y))
if self.pos != self.next_pos:
delta = self.next_pos - self.pos
if delta.length() > (self.dirvec * PLAYER_SPEED * dt).length():
self.pos += self.dirvec * PLAYER_SPEED * dt
else:
self.pos = self.next_pos
self.dirvec = pygame.math.Vector2(0, 0)
self.between_tiles = False
self.rect.topleft = self.pos
if pygame.sprite.spritecollide(self, walls, False):
self.pos = self.last_pos
self.next_pos = self.last_pos
self.dirvec = pygame.math.Vector2(0, 0)
self.between_tiles = False
self.rect.topleft = self.pos
def get_keys(self):
now = pygame.time.get_ticks()
keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()
if now - self.last_update > self.walk_buffer:
self.last_update = now
new_dir_vec = pygame.math.Vector2(0, 0)
if self.dirvec.y == 0:
if keys[pygame.K_LEFT] or keys[pygame.K_a]:
new_dir_vec = pygame.math.Vector2(-1, 0)
elif keys[pygame.K_RIGHT] or keys[pygame.K_d]:
new_dir_vec = pygame.math.Vector2(1, 0)
if self.dirvec.x == 0:
if keys[pygame.K_UP] or keys[pygame.K_w]:
new_dir_vec = pygame.math.Vector2(0, -1)
elif keys[pygame.K_DOWN] or keys[pygame.K_s]:
new_dir_vec = pygame.math.Vector2(0, 1)
if new_dir_vec != pygame.math.Vector2(0,0):
self.dirvec = new_dir_vec
self.between_tiles = True
current_index = self.rect.centerx // TILESIZE, self.rect.centery // TILESIZE
self.last_pos = pygame.math.Vector2(current_index) * TILESIZE
self.next_pos = self.last_pos + self.dirvec * TILESIZE
class Obstacle(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
def __init__(self, x, y):
super().__init__()
self.image = pygame.Surface((TILESIZE, TILESIZE))
self.image.fill((0, 0, 0))
self.rect = self.image.get_rect(topleft = (x * TILESIZE, y * TILESIZE))
pygame.init()
window = pygame.display.set_mode((WIDTH, HEIGHT))
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
all_sprites = pygame.sprite.Group()
walls = pygame.sprite.Group()
for row, tiles in enumerate(MAP):
for col, tile in enumerate(tiles):
if tile == "1":
obstacle = Obstacle(col, row)
walls.add(obstacle)
all_sprites.add(obstacle)
elif tile == "P":
player = Player(col, row)
all_sprites.add(player)
run = True
while run:
dt = clock.tick(60) / 1000
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
run = False
player.update(dt, walls)
window.fill((255, 255, 255))
for x in range (0, window.get_width(), TILESIZE):
pygame.draw.line(window, (127, 127, 127), (x, 0), (x, window.get_height()))
for y in range (0, window.get_height(), TILESIZE):
pygame.draw.line(window, (127, 127, 127), (0, y), (window.get_width(), y))
walls.draw(window)
for sprite in all_sprites:
window.blit(sprite.image, sprite.rect)
pygame.display.flip()
pygame.quit()
exit()
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