Java.lang.LinkageError RFT - Selenium - Appium

Question

我陷入了這種情況，我查看了很多文檔，但找不到解決方案，我正在開發一個自動化 Web 和移動應用程序的項目，有時兩者同時進行，因為必須傳輸信息它們之間。

從 IDE (RFT) 本身運行時，自動化工作正常，但如果我嘗試從控制台運行它，則會引發以下錯誤。

exception_name = java.lang.LinkageError
exception_message = loading constraint violation when overriding method "org/openqa/selenium/remote/RemoteWebElement.findElement(Lorg/openqa/selenium/By;)Lorg/openqa/selenium/WebElement;" during creation of class "io/appium/java_client/DefaultGenericMobileElement": loader "com/rational/test/ft/util/FtClassLoader@c6ae7474" of class "io/appium/java_client/DefaultGenericMobileElement" and loader "com/rational/test/ft/util/FtClassLoader@a4fe6ba3" of class "org/openqa/selenium/remote/RemoteWebElement" have different types for the method signature
script_name = Platforms.Test.Test
script_id = Platforms.Test.Test.java
line_number = 40
exception_stack = at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClassImpl(Native Method)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass(ClassLoader.java:379)
at com.rational.test.ft.util.FtClassLoader.loadClass(FtClassLoader.java:159)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:854)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClassImpl(Native Method)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass(ClassLoader.java:379)
at com.rational.test.ft.util.FtClassLoader.loadClass(FtClassLoader.java:159)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:854)
at com.rational.test.ft.util.FtClassLoader.callRelatedClassLoaders(FtClassLoader.java:356)
at com.rational.test.ft.util.FtClassLoader.loadClass(FtClassLoader.java:163)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:854)
at Platforms.Test.Test.testMain(Test.java:40)
at org.eclipse.equinox.internal.app.EclipseAppContainer.callMethodWithException(EclipseAppContainer.java:587)
at org.eclipse.equinox.internal.app.EclipseAppHandle.run(EclipseAppHandle.java:198)
at org.eclipse.core.runtime.internal.adaptor.EclipseAppLauncher.runApplication(EclipseAppLauncher.java:134)
at org.eclipse.core.runtime.internal.adaptor.EclipseAppLauncher.start(EclipseAppLauncher.java:104)
at org.eclipse.core.runtime.adaptor.EclipseStarter.run(EclipseStarter.java:388)
at org.eclipse.core.runtime.adaptor.EclipseStarter.run(EclipseStarter.java:243)
at org.eclipse.equinox.launcher.Main.invokeFramework(Main.java:673)
at org.eclipse.equinox.launcher.Main.basicRun(Main.java:610)
at org.eclipse.equinox.launcher.Main.run(Main.java:1519)
at org.eclipse.equinox.launcher.Main.main(Main.java:1492)
at org.eclipse.core.launcher.Main.main(Main.java:34)

這就是我從命令行運行自動化的方式，kernel.jar 是一組用 Ant 打包的庫，其中包含 java-client-7.3.0 (io.appium.java_client)，selenium.jar 是 selenium-server- Standalone-3.141.59（org.openqa.selenium）：

"C:\Program Files\IBM\SDP\jdk\bin\java" -classpath "C:\Program Files\IBM\SDP\FunctionalTester\bin\rational_ft.jar" com.rational.test.ft.rational_ft -datastore "C:\Workspaces\RFT\Project" -projectpath "C:\Workspaces\RFT\Project\libs\inuse\kernel.jar;C:\Workspaces\RFT\Project\libs\inuse\selenium.jar" -log "Project.Test.Test" -playback "Platforms.Test.Test" -args "Test"

自動化腳本非常簡單，它導入一個包含功能的類，它使用 selenium 連接到 Web 門戶，檢索安全代碼，然后使用 appium 使用該代碼在應用程序中進行身份驗證並執行其他操作，我重復所有內容如果我從 IDE 本身運行，則可以正常工作。

public class Test extends TestHelper
{
    /**
     * 
     * @since  2020/08/21
     * @author jddeltoro
     */
    public void testMain(Object[] args) 
    {
        Framework fw =  Framework.getInstance();
        try {
            fw.initEnviromentTokens();
            
            WebAppAutomation waa= new WebAppAutomation(fw);
            waa.init();
            String code = wpa.reatriveSecurityCode();
            waa.quit();

            MobileAppAutomation maa= new MobileAppAutomation(fw);
            maa.init();
            maa.executeProcess(code);
            maa.quit();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

另一個重要線索是，如果我從命令行運行一個只實例化 Selenium 或只實例化 Appium 的腳本，則不會顯示java.lang.LinkageError ，這表明該命令是正確的。 通過控制台執行的原因是我遠程執行執行，有數千個腳本，當一個腳本完成時，我開始執行另一個。

注意：如果我使用已安裝的 java vm，則異常類似：

"java -classpath "C:\Program Files\IBM\SDP\FunctionalTester\bin\rational_ft.jar" com.rational.test.ft.rational_ft -datastore "C:\Workspaces\RFT\Project" -projectpath "C:\Workspaces\RFT\Project\libs\inuse\kernel.jar;C:\Workspaces\RFT\Project\libs\inuse\selenium.jar" -log "Project.Test.Test" -playback "Platforms.Test.Test" -args "Test"

exception_name = java.lang.LinkageError
exception_message = loader constraint violation: when resolving overridden method "io.appium.java_client.DefaultGenericMobileDriver.findElementById(Ljava/lang/String;)Lorg/openqa/selenium/WebElement;" the class loader (instance of com/rational/test/ft/util/FtClassLoader) of the current class, io/appium/java_client/DefaultGenericMobileDriver, and its superclass loader (instance of com/rational/test/ft/util/FtClassLoader), have different Class objects for the type org/openqa/selenium/WebElement used in the signature

Answer 1

我最終使用不同的觸發器命令解決了這個問題：

"C:\Program Files\IBM\SDP\jdk\bin\javaw.exe" -Dfile.encoding=Cp1252 -classpath "C:\Workspaces\RFT\Project\libs\inuse\kernel.jar;C:\Workspaces\RFT\Project\libs\inuse\selenium.jar;C:\Program Files\IBM\SDP\FunctionalTester\bin\rational_ft.jar" com.rational.test.ft.rational_ft -projectpath C:\Workspaces\RFT\Project -datastore C:\Workspaces\RFT\Project -idetype wswplugin -rt.interactive true -rt.log_format html -log Platforms.Test.Test -iterationcount ALL -rt.log_action false -rt.log_screen_snapshot false -playback Platforms.Test.Test