[英]NullPointerException @FindBy in PageObjectModel using ChromeDriver and Chrome through Selenium
我正在嘗試在 Selenium 中實現 PageObjectModel。 但我在@FindBy 處收到 NullPointer 異常。 我希望有人能幫助我找出我的錯誤。 我創建了我的基類，它設置了 config.properties 文件（它包含 url、驅動程序參數）以及設置驅動程序。 HomePage 具有對象存儲庫和操作，並且 PageFactory 已初始化。 HomePageTest 有所有的測試。 當我運行代碼時，網站成功啟動。 第一個測試成功執行。 但是在第二次測試中，它在 FindBy 中失敗了。
這是我的代碼供參考。
以下是我的基類：
package com.seleniumEasy.qa.base;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Properties;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.edge.EdgeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver;
import org.testng.annotations.AfterClass;
import org.testng.annotations.BeforeClass;
import org.testng.annotations.BeforeMethod;
import com.seleniumEasy.qa.commonUtility.*;
public class Base {
public static WebDriver driver;
public static Properties prop;
@BeforeClass
public void setBaseline()
{
try {
setProperties("\\Devp\\SeleniumEasy_Maven_POM_DataDrivenProject\\src\\main\\java\\com\\seleniumEasy\\qa\\config\\config.properties");
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
//setProperties("\\Devp\\SeleniumEasy_Maven_POM_DataDrivenProject\\src\\main\\java\\com\\seleniumEasy\\qa\\config\\config.properties");
setDriver();
}
/*@AfterClass
public void tearDown()
{
driver.quit();
}*/
public static void setProperties(String sFilePath) throws IOException
{
prop = new Properties();
FileInputStream fip = new FileInputStream(sFilePath);
prop.load(fip);
}
public static void setDriver()
{
switch(prop.getProperty("browser").toLowerCase())
{
case "chrome":
System.setProperty(prop.getProperty("chromekey"),prop.getProperty("chromedriverpath"));
driver = new ChromeDriver();
break;
case "firefox":
System.setProperty(prop.getProperty("firefoxkey"), prop.getProperty("firefoxdriverpath"));
driver = new FirefoxDriver();
break;
case "ie":
System.setProperty(prop.getProperty("iekey"),prop.getProperty("iedriverpath"));
driver = new InternetExplorerDriver();
break;
case "edge":
System.setProperty(prop.getProperty("edgekey"), prop.getProperty("edgedriverpath"));
driver = new EdgeDriver();
break;
default:
System.out.println("Driver does not exists: "+ prop.getProperty("browser"));
}
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(commonUtil.Implicit_Wait, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
//driver.manage().timeouts().pageLoadTimeout(commonUtil.PageLoad_Wait,TimeUnit.SECONDS);
driver.get(prop.getProperty("url"));
//driver.manage().window().maximize();
if(driver.findElement(By.partialLinkText("No, thanks!")).isDisplayed())
driver.findElement(By.partialLinkText("No, thanks!")).click();
}
}
以下是我的頁面文件
package com.seleniumEasy.qa.pages;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.FindBy;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.PageFactory;
import com.seleniumEasy.qa.base.Base;
public class HomePage extends Base {
@FindBy(xpath="//*[@id=\"navbar-brand-centered\"]/ul[1]/li[1]/a")
WebElement InputForm;
@FindBy(css="#navbar-brand-centered > ul:nth-child(1) > li.dropdown.open")
List<WebElement> InputFormLst;
@FindBy(css="ul.nav.navbar-nav>li.dropdown.open>ul.dropdown-menu>li:first-of-type")
WebElement simpleFormDemo;
@FindBy(css="ul.nav.navbar-nav>li.dropdown.open>ul.dropdown-menu>li:nth-child(2)")
WebElement checkBoxDemo;
@FindBy(css="ul.nav.navbar-nav>li.dropdown.open>ul.dropdown-menu>li:nth-child(3)")
WebElement radioBtnDemo;
@FindBy(css="ul.nav.navbar-nav>li.dropdown.open>ul.dropdown-menu>li:nth-child(4)")
WebElement dropDownLstDemo;
@FindBy(css="ul.nav.navbar-nav>li.dropdown.open>ul.dropdown-menu>li:nth-child(5)")
WebElement inputFrmSubmit;
@FindBy(css="ul.nav.navbar-nav>li.dropdown.open>ul.dropdown-menu>li:nth-child(6)")
WebElement ajaxForm;
@FindBy(css="ul.nav.navbar-nav>li.dropdown.open>ul.dropdown-menu>li:nth-child(6)")
WebElement jQuerySelect;
List<WebElement> inputFormList = new ArrayList();
public HomePage()
{
PageFactory.initElements(driver, this);
}
public String validateTitle()
{
return driver.getTitle();
}
public SimpleForm validateSimpleFormDemo()
{
InputForm.click();
//driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("div.navbar-collapse.collapse.in>ul.nav.navbar-nav>li.dropdown.open>a")).click();
//driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id=\"navbar-brand-centered\"]/ul[1]/li[1]/a")).click();
simpleFormDemo.click();
return new SimpleForm();
}
}
以下是我的測試頁
package com.seleniumEasy.qa.Test;
import org.testng.Assert;
import org.testng.annotations.AfterMethod;
import org.testng.annotations.BeforeMethod;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;
import org.testng.asserts.SoftAssert;
import com.seleniumEasy.qa.base.Base;
import com.seleniumEasy.qa.pages.HomePage;
import com.seleniumEasy.qa.pages.SimpleForm;
public class HomePageTest extends Base {
HomePage homePage;
SoftAssert softAssert;
public HomePageTest()
{
homePage = new HomePage();
softAssert = new SoftAssert();
}
@Test(priority=1)
public void validateLoginPage()
{
String sTitle = homePage.validateTitle();
softAssert.assertEquals(sTitle, "Selenium Easy Demo");
}
@Test(priority=1)
public void validateSimpleForm()
{
SimpleForm simpleForm = homePage.validateSimpleFormDemo();
}
}
這是堆棧跟蹤
Starting ChromeDriver 2.41.578737 (49da6702b16031c40d63e5618de03a32ff6c197e) on port 32000
Only local connections are allowed.
[1599758981.703][WARNING]: Timed out connecting to Chrome, retrying...
Sep 10, 2020 10:59:43 PM org.openqa.selenium.remote.ProtocolHandshake createSession
INFO: Detected dialect: OSS
[Utils] Attempting to create C:\Arundhati\Devp\SeleniumEasy_Maven_POM_DataDrivenProject\test-output\Default suite\Default test.xml
[Utils] Directory C:\Arundhati\Devp\SeleniumEasy_Maven_POM_DataDrivenProject\test-output\Default suite exists: true
FAILED: validateSimpleForm
java.lang.NullPointerException
at org.openqa.selenium.support.pagefactory.DefaultElementLocator.findElement(DefaultElementLocator.java:69)
at org.openqa.selenium.support.pagefactory.internal.LocatingElementHandler.invoke(LocatingElementHandler.java:38)
at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy8.click(Unknown Source)
at com.seleniumEasy.qa.pages.HomePage.validateSimpleFormDemo(HomePage.java:66)
at com.seleniumEasy.qa.Test.HomePageTest.validateSimpleForm(HomePageTest.java:39)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
at org.testng.internal.MethodInvocationHelper.invokeMethod(MethodInvocationHelper.java:100)
at org.testng.internal.Invoker.invokeMethod(Invoker.java:646)
at org.testng.internal.Invoker.invokeTestMethod(Invoker.java:811)
at org.testng.internal.Invoker.invokeTestMethods(Invoker.java:1129)
at org.testng.internal.TestMethodWorker.invokeTestMethods(TestMethodWorker.java:129)
at org.testng.internal.TestMethodWorker.run(TestMethodWorker.java:112)
at org.testng.TestRunner.privateRun(TestRunner.java:746)
at org.testng.TestRunner.run(TestRunner.java:600)
at org.testng.SuiteRunner.runTest(SuiteRunner.java:366)
at org.testng.SuiteRunner.runSequentially(SuiteRunner.java:361)
at org.testng.SuiteRunner.privateRun(SuiteRunner.java:319)
at org.testng.SuiteRunner.run(SuiteRunner.java:268)
at org.testng.SuiteRunnerWorker.runSuite(SuiteRunnerWorker.java:52)
at org.testng.SuiteRunnerWorker.run(SuiteRunnerWorker.java:86)
at org.testng.TestNG.runSuitesSequentially(TestNG.java:1264)
at org.testng.TestNG.runSuitesLocally(TestNG.java:1189)
at org.testng.TestNG.runSuites(TestNG.java:1104)
at org.testng.TestNG.run(TestNG.java:1076)
at org.testng.remote.AbstractRemoteTestNG.run(AbstractRemoteTestNG.java:126)
at org.testng.remote.RemoteTestNG.initAndRun(RemoteTestNG.java:152)
at org.testng.remote.RemoteTestNG.main(RemoteTestNG.java:57)
===============================================
Default test
Tests run: 1, Failures: 1, Skips: 0
===============================================
===============================================
Default suite
Total tests run: 1, Failures: 1, Skips: 0
===============================================
[TestNG] Time taken by org.testng.reporters.EmailableReporter2@42d3bd8b: 8 ms
[Utils] Attempting to create C:\Arundhati\Devp\SeleniumEasy_Maven_POM_DataDrivenProject\test-output\testng-failed.xml
[Utils] Directory C:\Arundhati\Devp\SeleniumEasy_Maven_POM_DataDrivenProject\test-output exists: true
[Utils] Attempting to create C:\Arundhati\Devp\SeleniumEasy_Maven_POM_DataDrivenProject\test-output\Default suite\testng-failed.xml
[Utils] Directory C:\Arundhati\Devp\SeleniumEasy_Maven_POM_DataDrivenProject\test-output\Default suite exists: true
[TestNG] Time taken by [FailedReporter passed=0 failed=0 skipped=0]: 9 ms
[Utils] Attempting to create C:\Arundhati\Devp\SeleniumEasy_Maven_POM_DataDrivenProject\test-output\old\Default suite\toc.html
[Utils] Directory C:\Arundhati\Devp\SeleniumEasy_Maven_POM_DataDrivenProject\test-output\old\Default suite exists: true
[Utils] Attempting to create C:\Arundhati\Devp\SeleniumEasy_Maven_POM_DataDrivenProject\test-output\old\Default suite\Default test.properties
[Utils] Directory C:\Arundhati\Devp\SeleniumEasy_Maven_POM_DataDrivenProject\test-output\old\Default suite exists: true
[Utils] Attempting to create C:\Arundhati\Devp\SeleniumEasy_Maven_POM_DataDrivenProject\test-output\old\Default suite\index.html
[Utils] Directory C:\Arundhati\Devp\SeleniumEasy_Maven_POM_DataDrivenProject\test-output\old\Default suite exists: true
[Utils] Attempting to create C:\Arundhati\Devp\SeleniumEasy_Maven_POM_DataDrivenProject\test-output\old\Default suite\main.html
[Utils] Directory C:\Arundhati\Devp\SeleniumEasy_Maven_POM_DataDrivenProject\test-output\old\Default suite exists: true
[Utils] Attempting to create C:\Arundhati\Devp\SeleniumEasy_Maven_POM_DataDrivenProject\test-output\old\Default suite\groups.html
[Utils] Directory C:\Arundhati\Devp\SeleniumEasy_Maven_POM_DataDrivenProject\test-output\old\Default suite exists: true
[Utils] Attempting to create C:\Arundhati\Devp\SeleniumEasy_Maven_POM_DataDrivenProject\test-output\old\Default suite\classes.html
[Utils] Directory C:\Arundhati\Devp\SeleniumEasy_Maven_POM_DataDrivenProject\test-output\old\Default suite exists: true
[Utils] Attempting to create C:\Arundhati\Devp\SeleniumEasy_Maven_POM_DataDrivenProject\test-output\old\Default suite\reporter-output.html
[Utils] Directory C:\Arundhati\Devp\SeleniumEasy_Maven_POM_DataDrivenProject\test-output\old\Default suite exists: true
[Utils] Attempting to create C:\Arundhati\Devp\SeleniumEasy_Maven_POM_DataDrivenProject\test-output\old\Default suite\methods-not-run.html
[Utils] Directory C:\Arundhati\Devp\SeleniumEasy_Maven_POM_DataDrivenProject\test-output\old\Default suite exists: true
[Utils] Attempting to create C:\Arundhati\Devp\SeleniumEasy_Maven_POM_DataDrivenProject\test-output\old\Default suite\testng.xml.html
[Utils] Directory C:\Arundhati\Devp\SeleniumEasy_Maven_POM_DataDrivenProject\test-output\old\Default suite exists: true
[Utils] Attempting to create C:\Arundhati\Devp\SeleniumEasy_Maven_POM_DataDrivenProject\test-output\old\index.html
[Utils] Directory C:\Arundhati\Devp\SeleniumEasy_Maven_POM_DataDrivenProject\test-output\old exists: true
[TestNG] Time taken by org.testng.reporters.SuiteHTMLReporter@6cd8737: 41 ms
[TestNG] Time taken by org.testng.reporters.jq.Main@6aaa5eb0: 46 ms
[Utils] Attempting to create C:\Arundhati\Devp\SeleniumEasy_Maven_POM_DataDrivenProject\test-output\junitreports\TEST-com.seleniumEasy.qa.Test.HomePageTest.xml
[Utils] Directory C:\Arundhati\Devp\SeleniumEasy_Maven_POM_DataDrivenProject\test-output\junitreports exists: true
[TestNG] Time taken by org.testng.reporters.JUnitReportReporter@3b81a1bc: 6 ms
[TestNG] Time taken by org.testng.reporters.XMLReporter@6b2fad11: 12 ms
這是日食視圖
這個錯誤信息...
Starting ChromeDriver 2.41.578737 (49da6702b16031c40d63e5618de03a32ff6c197e) on port 32000
Only local connections are allowed.
[1599758981.703][WARNING]: Timed out connecting to Chrome, retrying...
Sep 10, 2020 10:59:43 PM org.openqa.selenium.remote.ProtocolHandshake createSession
INFO: Detected dialect: OSS
...暗示ChromeDriver無法啟動/生成新的瀏覽上下文，即Chrome 瀏覽器會話。
您的主要問題是您使用的二進制文件版本之間的不兼容，如下所示：
支持Chrome v67-69
支持Chrome 85 版
所以ChromeDriver v2.41和Chrome 瀏覽器 v85.0之間存在明顯的不匹配
確保這件事：
@Test 。tearDown(){}方法中調用driver.quit()以優雅地關閉和銷毀WebDriver和Web Client實例。最后我找到了解決我自己問題的方法。 當 PageFactory 初始化時驅動程序對象為 null 時拋出 NullPointerException。 問題是在初始化驅動程序對象之前，我正在調用 PageFactory Initialization 方法。 這就是為什么在構造函數中的 HomePage.java 頁面，驅動程序為空。 這是更新的代碼。 這是我的基類。 我正在通過 Base 類構造函數初始化 cofig.properties 文件。
/**
*
*/
package com.seleniumEasy.qa.base;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Properties;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.edge.EdgeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver;
import org.testng.annotations.BeforeClass;
import org.testng.annotations.BeforeMethod;
import com.seleniumEasy.qa.commonUtility.*;
public class Base {
public static WebDriver driver;
public static Properties prop;
public WebDriver getDriver()
{
return driver;
}
public Base()
{
try
{
setProperties("\\Arundhati\\Devp\\SeleniumEasy_Maven_POM_DataDrivenProject\\src\\main\\java\\com\\seleniumEasy\\qa\\config\\config.properties");
} catch (IOException e)
{
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/*@AfterClass
public void tearDown()
{
driver.quit();
}*/
public static void setProperties(String sFilePath) throws IOException
{
prop = new Properties();
FileInputStream fip = new FileInputStream(sFilePath);
prop.load(fip);
}
public static void setDriver()
{
if(prop.getProperty("browser").toLowerCase().equals("chrome"))
{
System.setProperty(prop.getProperty("chromekey"),prop.getProperty("chromedriverpath"));
driver = new ChromeDriver();
}
else if(prop.getProperty("browser").toLowerCase().equals("firefox"))
{
System.setProperty(prop.getProperty("firefoxkey"), prop.getProperty("firefoxdriverpath"));
driver = new FirefoxDriver();
}
else if(prop.getProperty("browser").toLowerCase().equals("ie"))
{
System.setProperty(prop.getProperty("iekey"),prop.getProperty("iedriverpath"));
driver = new InternetExplorerDriver();
}
else if(prop.getProperty("browser").toLowerCase().equals("edge"))
{
System.setProperty(prop.getProperty("edgekey"), prop.getProperty("edgedriverpath"));
driver = new EdgeDriver();
}
else
{
System.out.println("Driver does not exists: "+ prop.getProperty("browser"));
}
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(commonUtil.Implicit_Wait, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
//driver.manage().timeouts().pageLoadTimeout(commonUtil.PageLoad_Wait,TimeUnit.SECONDS);
driver.get(prop.getProperty("url"));
//driver.manage().window().maximize();
if(driver.findElement(By.partialLinkText("No, thanks!")).isDisplayed())
driver.findElement(By.partialLinkText("No, thanks!")).click();
}
public String getProperty(String key)
{
return prop.getProperty(key);
}
}
Following is code for my HomePage.java. No change in this file.
/**
*
*/
package com.seleniumEasy.qa.pages;
import java.util.List;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.FindBy;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.PageFactory;
import com.seleniumEasy.qa.base.Base;
public class HomePage extends Base {
@FindBy(xpath="//*[@id=\"navbar-brand-centered\"]/ul[1]/li[1]/a")
WebElement InputForm;
@FindBy(css="#navbar-brand-centered > ul:nth-child(1) > li.dropdown.open")
List<WebElement> InputFormLst;
@FindBy(css="ul.nav.navbar-nav>li.dropdown.open>ul.dropdown-menu>li:first-of-type")
WebElement simpleFormDemo;
@FindBy(css="ul.nav.navbar-nav>li.dropdown.open>ul.dropdown-menu>li:nth-child(2)")
WebElement checkBoxDemo;
@FindBy(css="ul.nav.navbar-nav>li.dropdown.open>ul.dropdown-menu>li:nth-child(3)")
WebElement radioBtnDemo;
@FindBy(css="ul.nav.navbar-nav>li.dropdown.open>ul.dropdown-menu>li:nth-child(4)")
WebElement dropDownLstDemo;
@FindBy(css="ul.nav.navbar-nav>li.dropdown.open>ul.dropdown-menu>li:nth-child(5)")
WebElement inputFrmSubmit;
@FindBy(css="ul.nav.navbar-nav>li.dropdown.open>ul.dropdown-menu>li:nth-child(6)")
WebElement ajaxForm;
@FindBy(css="ul.nav.navbar-nav>li.dropdown.open>ul.dropdown-menu>li:nth-child(6)")
WebElement jQuerySelect;
//List<WebElement> inputFormList = new ArrayList();
public HomePage()
{
PageFactory.initElements(driver, this);
}
public String validateTitle()
{
return driver.getTitle();
}
public SimpleForm validateSimpleFormDemo()
{
InputForm.click();
simpleFormDemo.click();
return new SimpleForm();
}
}
Here is my HomePageTest file. I am calling the driver setup method following by creating the HomePage object in the BeforeClass annotation. No constructor in this class.
//package com.seleniumEasy.qa.testdata;
package com.seleniumEasy.qa.Test;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.PageFactory;
import org.testng.annotations.AfterClass;
import org.testng.annotations.AfterMethod;
import org.testng.annotations.BeforeClass;
import org.testng.annotations.BeforeMethod;
import org.testng.annotations.BeforeSuite;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;
import org.testng.asserts.SoftAssert;
import com.seleniumEasy.qa.base.Base;
import com.seleniumEasy.qa.pages.HomePage;
import com.seleniumEasy.qa.pages.SimpleForm;
public class HomePageTest extends Base {
HomePage homePage;
SoftAssert softAssert;
@BeforeClass
public void setUp()
{
setDriver();
homePage = new HomePage();
//PageFactory.initElements(driver, HomePage.class);
softAssert = new SoftAssert();
}
/*@AfterClass
public void tearDown()
{
driver.quit();
}*/
@Test(priority='b')
public void validateLoginPage()
{
String sTitle = homePage.validateTitle();
softAssert.assertEquals(sTitle, "Selenium Easy Demo");
}
@Test(priority='a')
public void validateSimpleForm()
{
SimpleForm simpleForm = homePage.validateSimpleFormDemo();
}
}
org.openqa.selenium.WebDriverException：未知錯誤：chrome 無法通過 Java 開始使用 Selenium ChromeDriver 和 Chrome
[英]org.openqa.selenium.WebDriverException: unknown error: chrome failed to start using Selenium ChromeDriver and Chrome through Java
無效的端口。 退出…org.openqa.selenium.os.OsProcess checkForError 使用 ChromeDriver 和 Chrome 通過 Selenium
[英]Invalid port. Exiting…org.openqa.selenium.os.OsProcess checkForError using ChromeDriver and Chrome through Selenium
通過 Selenium 使用 ChromeDriver 2.43 和 Chrome 連接到 Chrome 時超時，正在重試...錯誤
[英]Timed out connecting to Chrome, retrying… error using ChromeDriver 2.43 and Chrome through Selenium
WebDriverException：未知錯誤：document.getBoxObjectFor 不是通過 Java 在 ChromeDriver 和 Chrome 中使用 Selenium 的函數
[英]WebDriverException: unknown error: document.getBoxObjectFor is not a function using Selenium with ChromeDriver and Chrome through Java
Selenium ChromeDriver系統屬性NullPointerException
[英]Selenium ChromeDriver System properties NullPointerException
java.net.ConnectException：無法使用 ChromeDriver Chrome 通過 Spring Bot 中的 Selenium Java 連接到 localhost/0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1:1731
[英]java.net.ConnectException : Failed to connect to localhost/0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1:1731 using ChromeDriver Chrome through Selenium Java in Spring Bot
org.openqa.selenium.WebDriverException：無法使用Selenium和ChromeDriver訪問Chrome
[英]org.openqa.selenium.WebDriverException: chrome not reachable using Selenium and ChromeDriver
Selenium WebDriver - 無法使用 PageObjectModel 訪問或單擊元素
[英]Selenium WebDriver - Not able to access or click elements using PageObjectModel
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